Zimecki Michal, Kruzel Marian L
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
J Exp Ther Oncol. 2007;6(2):89-106.
Milk and colostrum are rich in proteins and peptides which play a crucial role in development of the immune system in mammalian offspring. Immunotropic properties of these compounds prompted investigators to search for their utility in prevention and therapy of various disorders in humans. The following constituents of milk are of particular interest: 1) Lactoferrin (LF)--exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasite and antitumor activities. It is protective with regard to intestinal epithelium, promotes bone growth and accelerates recovery of the immune system function in immunocompromised animal; 2) A Proline-Rich Polypeptide (PRP) shows a variety of immunotropic functions, including promotion of T-cell maturation and inhibition'of autoimmune disorders. PRP was recently found to improve or stabilize the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living status in Alzheimer's disease patients. 3) Casein--has been protective in experimental bacteremia by eliciting myelopoiesis. Casein hydrolyzates were also protective in diabetic animals, reduced the tumor growth and diminished colicky symptoms in infants. Casein-derived peptides have been found to have antihypertensive effects. Glycomacropeptide (GMP)--a peptide derived from kappa casein, exhibits antibacterial and antithrombotic activities. 4) Alpha lactalbumin (LA)--demonstrates antiviral, antitumor and anti-stress properties. LA-enriched diets were anxiolytic, lowered blood pressure in rats, prevented diarrhea and led to a better weight gain in malnourished children. 5) Lysozyme--is effective in treatment of periodentitis and prevention of tooth decay. Milk enriched in lysozyme was used in feeding premature infants suffering from concomitant diseases. 6) Lactoperoxidase--shows antibacterial properties. In conclusion, milk-derived proteins and peptides are bio-accessible and safe for the prevention and treatment of numerous disorders in humans.
牛奶和初乳富含蛋白质和肽，它们在哺乳动物后代免疫系统的发育中起着至关重要的作用。这些化合物的免疫调节特性促使研究人员探索它们在预防和治疗人类各种疾病中的效用。牛奶的以下成分尤其值得关注：1）乳铁蛋白（LF）——具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫和抗肿瘤活性。它对肠道上皮具有保护作用，促进骨骼生长，并加速免疫功能受损动物的免疫系统功能恢复；2）富含脯氨酸的多肽（PRP）具有多种免疫调节功能，包括促进T细胞成熟和抑制自身免疫性疾病。最近发现PRP可改善或稳定阿尔茨海默病患者的日常生活工具性活动状态。3）酪蛋白——通过引发骨髓生成在实验性菌血症中具有保护作用。酪蛋白水解产物在糖尿病动物中也具有保护作用，可减少肿瘤生长并减轻婴儿的绞痛症状。已发现酪蛋白衍生的肽具有降压作用。糖巨肽（GMP）——一种源自κ-酪蛋白的肽，具有抗菌和抗血栓形成活性。4）α-乳白蛋白（LA）——具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗应激特性。富含LA的饮食具有抗焦虑作用，可降低大鼠血压，预防腹泻，并使营养不良儿童体重增加更好。5）溶菌酶——对治疗牙周炎和预防龋齿有效。富含溶菌酶的牛奶用于喂养患有合并症的早产儿。6）乳过氧化物酶——具有抗菌特性。总之，源自牛奶的蛋白质和肽对于预防和治疗人类多种疾病具有生物可及性且安全。
