INRA, UMR1260 Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, INSERM, U476, Univ Aix-Marseille 1, Univ Aix-Marseille 2, Faculté de Médecine, IPHM-IFR 125, Marseille, F-13385, France.
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Sep;12(9A):1601-6. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009990437.
It has been substantiated that the onset of most major diseases (CVD, diabetes, obesity, cancers, etc.) is modulated by the interaction between genetic traits (susceptibility) and environmental factors, especially diet. We aim to report more specific observations relating the effects of Mediterranean-type diets on cardiovascular risk factors and the genetic background of subjects.
In the first part, general concepts about nutrigenetics are briefly presented. Human genome has, overall, only marginally changed since its origin but it is thought that minor changes (polymorphisms) of common genes that occurred during evolution are now widespread in human populations, and can alter metabolic pathways and response to diets. In the second part, we report the data obtained during the Medi-RIVAGE intervention study performed in the South-East of France. Data obtained in 169 subjects at moderate cardiovascular risk after a 3-month dietary intervention indicate that some of the twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) studied exhibit interactions with diets regarding changes of particular parameters after 3-month regimens. Detailed examples are presented, such as interactions between SNP in genes coding for microsomial transfer protein (MTTP) or intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol or Framigham score lowering in responses to Mediterranean-type diets. The data provided add further evidence of the interaction between particular SNP and metabolic responses to diets. Finally, improvement in dietary recommendations by taking into account known genetic variability has been discussed.
大量研究已经证实，大多数重大疾病（心血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症、癌症等）的发病是由遗传特征（易感性）与环境因素，尤其是饮食之间的相互作用所决定的。本研究旨在报告更具体的观察结果，即地中海式饮食对心血管危险因素和受试者遗传背景的影响。
在第一部分中，简要介绍了营养遗传学的一般概念。人类基因组自起源以来几乎没有发生变化，但据认为，进化过程中常见基因的微小变化（多态性）现在在人类群体中广泛存在，并可能改变代谢途径和对饮食的反应。在第二部分中，我们报告了在法国东南部进行的 Medi-RIVAGE 干预研究中获得的数据。对 169 名处于中度心血管风险的受试者进行了 3 个月的饮食干预后，发现所研究的 23 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）中的一些与饮食之间存在相互作用，这些相互作用会影响特定参数在 3 个月后饮食方案中的变化。我们呈现了详细的例子，例如，编码微粒体转移蛋白（MTTP）或肠脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABP2）的基因中的 SNP 与甘油三酯、LDL 胆固醇或 Framigham 评分降低之间的相互作用，这些降低是对地中海式饮食的反应。所提供的数据进一步证明了特定 SNP 与饮食代谢反应之间的相互作用。最后，讨论了通过考虑已知的遗传变异性来改善饮食建议。
