INSERM, U557, INRA, U1125, CNAM, EA3200, Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny, F-93017, France.
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Sep;12(9A):1644-7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009990498.
Numerous health benefits have been attributed to the 'Mediterranean diet' over the last decades. Selecting foods that were common in the Mediterranean regions (especially Crete) in the 1970s, with a frequent and abundant intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, olive oil and perhaps wine, has been reported to be associated with wide-ranging benefits including improved glucose metabolism and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity and CVD. While the respective contributions of various types of food have been widely investigated, less attention has been paid to other factors, also characteristic of the Mediterranean lifestyle, which may contribute to the health benefits perhaps as much as specific food choices. Traditionally, the Mediterranean diet was consumed in the context of a particular lifestyle, with a fixed number of daily meals, generally consumed at later hours (compared to North of Europe), and some specific meal-related behaviours such as the post-lunch siesta. In addition, the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle that were so beneficial to health, 40 years ago, were considerably different from present-day practices. The changes are particularly clear in younger individuals and countries of the Mediterranean region presently have the highest child overweight rates in Europe. The present paper will address research about meal and satiety patterns and examine how the recent changes from traditional practices are likely to have an impact on health risks and benefits in Mediterranean populations.
几十年来，“地中海饮食”被认为对健康有诸多益处。选择 20 世纪 70 年代在地中海地区（尤其是克里特岛）常见的食物，经常且大量地食用水果、蔬菜、鱼、橄榄油，或许还有葡萄酒，据报道与广泛的益处相关，包括改善葡萄糖代谢和降低 2 型糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病的风险。虽然各种食物的各自贡献已被广泛研究，但人们对其他因素的关注较少，这些因素也是地中海生活方式的特征，它们对健康的益处可能与特定的食物选择一样多。传统上，地中海饮食是在特定的生活方式背景下食用的，每天有固定的几餐，通常在较晚的时间食用（与欧洲北部相比），并且有一些特定的与用餐相关的行为，如午餐后的午休。此外，40 年前对健康如此有益的地中海饮食和生活方式与当今的做法有很大的不同。这种变化在年轻人中尤为明显，目前地中海地区的国家儿童超重率在欧洲是最高的。本文将探讨关于进餐和饱腹感模式的研究，并研究最近从传统做法的变化如何可能对地中海人群的健康风险和益处产生影响。
