Ries Amy V, Voorhees Carolyn C, Roche Kathleen M, Gittelsohn Joel, Yan Alice F, Astone Nan M
Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7294, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Sep;45(3 Suppl):S64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.020. Epub 2009 Jul 8.
Although several studies have identified a positive association between recreational facility availability and physical activity, few have examined facility attributes beyond availability and involved minority adolescents. This study examines how both objective and perceived measures of the facility environment are associated with urban adolescents' use of parks and physical activity.
Study participants included 329 adolescents from two high schools in Baltimore, Maryland, the majority (69%) of whom was African American. A Web-based survey assessed park use, neighborhood crime, and park availability, quality, and use by friends and family. Geographical Information Systems data were used to develop objective measures of park availability and crime. Physical activity data were obtained from 316 participants using accelerometers. Hypotheses regarding environmental correlates of park use and physical activity were tested using logistic regression models (for park use) and linear regression models (for physical activity).
Perceptions of greater park availability, quality, and use by friends were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of an adolescents' park use. Perceptions of more park availability was associated with higher levels of physical activity, although this association was marginally significant. Objective measures of park availability and objective and subjective measures of crime were not associated with either park use or physical activity.
Efforts to promote park use for physical activity among urban youth should increase awareness of park availability, improve perceptions of park quality, and utilize social networks.
尽管多项研究已确定休闲设施的可及性与身体活动之间存在正相关关系，但很少有研究考察除可及性之外的设施属性，也很少涉及少数族裔青少年。本研究考察设施环境的客观指标和主观感受如何与城市青少年对公园的使用及身体活动相关联。
研究参与者包括来自马里兰州巴尔的摩市两所高中的329名青少年，其中大多数（69%）为非裔美国人。一项基于网络的调查评估了公园使用情况、邻里犯罪情况以及公园的可及性、质量以及朋友和家人的使用情况。地理信息系统数据用于得出公园可及性和犯罪情况的客观指标。身体活动数据通过加速度计从316名参与者处获取。使用逻辑回归模型（用于公园使用情况）和线性回归模型（用于身体活动）对关于公园使用和身体活动的环境相关因素的假设进行检验。
对公园可及性更高、质量更好以及朋友使用更多的认知与青少年使用公园的可能性显著更高相关。对公园可及性更高的认知与更高水平的身体活动相关，尽管这种关联勉强显著。公园可及性的客观指标以及犯罪情况的客观和主观指标与公园使用或身体活动均无关联。
为促进城市青少年利用公园进行身体活动所做的努力应提高对公园可及性的认识，改善对公园质量的认知，并利用社交网络。
