参议院法案42：中学体育活动的实施及影响
Senate Bill 42: implementation and impact on physical activity in middle schools.
作者信息
Barroso Cristina S, Kelder Steven H, Springer Andrew E, Smith Carolyn L, Ranjit Nalini, Ledingham Christopher, Hoelscher Deanna M
机构信息
Hispanic Health Research Center, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.
出版信息
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Sep;45(3 Suppl):S82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.017.
PURPOSE
In 2005, the Texas State Legislature passed Senate Bill 42 (SB42), which required public middle school students (grades 6-8) to participate in 30 minutes of daily structured physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness of and adherence to SB42 in Texas middle schools, and to assess the impact of SB42 on the frequency and quality of structured physical activity.
METHODS
Key informant (school principals, physical education [PE] instructors, nurses, or designated personnel) telephone interviews on the implementation of SB42 were conducted from a statewide representative sample of public middle schools (n=112). Direct observation, key informant, and student report of physical activity in PE classes at 17 Texas-Mexico border middle schools assessed the frequency and quality of structured physical activity.
RESULTS
State level (94% +/- 4.5%) and border district (94% +/- 13.5%) key informants reported a high level of overall awareness of SB42. Postimplementation of SB42 border districts reported a minimum of 4 days per week of PE instruction and more than 58 minutes per PE class, exceeding the 30-minute minimum of structured physical activity per day or 135 minutes per week as required by SB42 (range: 58.2-61.4 minutes). A significant increase in the number of days of PE class was observed in the border sample between 2004 and 2005 and 2006 and 2008, with eighth grade students reporting an average of 2.0 days and 3.7 days of PE per week, respectively (p < .001). Additionally, border districts met the Healthy People 2010 objective of 50% time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean 54.9% +/- 5.1%) during PE class.
CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of SB42 appears to have impacted the frequency of school PE in Texas and the prevalence of child self-reported physical activity behaviors along the Texas-Mexico border. General awareness of and adherence to SB42 was high in both statewide and among the border districts. Our mixed findings on adherence to specific components of the legislation suggest the need for further investigation of the factors that both facilitate and inhibit local leadership around school policy and the mechanisms to ensure the school policy is being implemented.
目的
2005年，得克萨斯州立法机构通过了参议院法案42（SB42），该法案要求公立中学学生（6至8年级）每天参加30分钟的有组织体育活动。本研究的目的是评估得克萨斯州中学对SB42的知晓度和遵守情况，并评估SB42对有组织体育活动的频率和质量的影响。
方法
对来自全州公立中学代表性样本（n = 112）的关键信息提供者（学校校长、体育教师、护士或指定人员）进行电话访谈，了解SB42的实施情况。对得克萨斯州与墨西哥边境的17所中学体育课上的体育活动进行直接观察、关键信息提供者访谈以及学生报告，以此评估有组织体育活动的频率和质量。
结果
州一级（94% ± 4.5%）和边境地区（94% ± 13.5%）的关键信息提供者报告称对SB42的总体知晓度较高。SB42实施后，边境地区报告称每周至少有4天的体育课，每节体育课超过58分钟，超过了SB42要求的每天至少30分钟有组织体育活动或每周135分钟的标准（范围：58.2 - 61.4分钟）。在2004年至2005年以及2006年至2008年期间，边境地区样本中观察到体育课天数显著增加，八年级学生报告的每周体育课平均天数分别为2.0天和3.7天（p < .001）。此外，边境地区达到了《健康人民2010》中规定的体育课期间50%时间进行中等至剧烈体育活动的目标（平均为54.9% ± 5.1%）。
结论
SB42的实施似乎对得克萨斯州学校体育课的频率以及得克萨斯州与墨西哥边境地区儿童自我报告的体育活动行为普及率产生了影响。全州和边境地区对SB42的总体知晓度和遵守情况都很高。我们关于遵守该立法具体条款的混合研究结果表明，需要进一步调查促进和抑制围绕学校政策的地方领导力的因素以及确保学校政策得到实施的机制。
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