Vopalensky Pavel, Kozmik Zbynek
Department of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Oct 12;364(1531):2819-32. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0079.
Animal eyes can vary in complexity ranging from a single photoreceptor cell shaded by a pigment cell to elaborate arrays of these basic units, which allow image formation in compound eyes of insects or camera-type eyes of vertebrates. The evolution of the eye requires involvement of several distinct components-photoreceptors, screening pigment and genes orchestrating their proper temporal and spatial organization. Analysis of particular genetic and biochemical components shows that many evolutionary processes have participated in eye evolution. Multiple examples of co-option of crystallins, Galpha protein subunits and screening pigments contrast with the conserved role of opsins and a set of transcription factors governing eye development in distantly related animal phyla. The direct regulation of essential photoreceptor genes by these factors suggests that this regulatory relationship might have been already established in the ancestral photoreceptor cell.
动物眼睛的复杂程度各不相同，从由色素细胞遮蔽的单个光感受器细胞到这些基本单位的复杂阵列，后者使昆虫的复眼或脊椎动物的相机型眼睛能够形成图像。眼睛的进化需要几个不同的组成部分参与——光感受器、遮光色素以及协调其正确的时间和空间组织的基因。对特定基因和生化成分的分析表明，许多进化过程都参与了眼睛的进化。晶状体蛋白、Gα蛋白亚基和遮光色素的多次共选实例与视蛋白以及一组控制远缘动物门眼睛发育的转录因子的保守作用形成对比。这些因子对基本光感受器基因的直接调控表明，这种调控关系可能在祖先光感受器细胞中就已经建立。
