Observatoire Régional de la Santé, Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, and with the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U912, SE4S), Marseille, France.
Psychiatr Serv. 2009 Sep;60(9):1203-13. doi: 10.1176/ps.2009.60.9.1203.
Numerous institutions, including the World Health Organization, recommend education campaigns targeted at the general public to improve awareness of suicidal crises and, more broadly, of depression; to improve access to care; and to combat the stigma associated with these illnesses and discrimination against people who have them. The purpose of this literature review was to gather information on campaigns about depression or suicide awareness and summarize data on the impact and effectiveness of these campaigns.
A search was conducted of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, HDA (Health Development Agency) Evidence Base, DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects), and the ISI Web of Science to identify articles written in English and published between 1987 and 2007 that described depression or suicide awareness programs that targeted the public.
Among the 200 publications for which references were found, 43 publications that described 15 programs in eight countries met inclusion criteria. Comparing the programs was difficult because of the diversity of their objectives and the methods used to deliver the programs and to evaluate them. Results suggest that these programs contributed to a modest improvement in public knowledge of and attitudes toward depression or suicide, but most program evaluations did not assess the durability of the attitude changes. No study has clearly demonstrated that such campaigns help to increase care seeking or to decrease suicidal behavior.
Developing guidelines for assessment of public education campaigns to improve knowledge about suicide and depression is essential for the sharing of knowledge among scientists and stakeholders.
许多机构，包括世界卫生组织，建议开展针对公众的教育活动，以提高对自杀危机以及更广泛的抑郁的认识；改善获得护理的机会；并消除与这些疾病相关的耻辱感和对患者的歧视。本文献综述的目的是收集有关抑郁或自杀意识的宣传活动的信息，并总结这些活动的影响和效果的数据。
检索了 MEDLINE、Cochrane 图书馆、PsycINFO、HDA（健康发展署）证据基础、DARE（效果文摘数据库）和 ISI Web of Science，以确定 1987 年至 2007 年间发表的用英文撰写并针对公众的描述抑郁或自杀意识计划的文章。
在找到的 200 篇参考文献中，有 43 篇出版物描述了八个国家的 15 个项目，符合纳入标准。由于其目标和实施项目以及评估项目的方法的多样性，比较这些项目是困难的。结果表明，这些项目有助于公众对抑郁或自杀的认识和态度略有改善，但大多数项目评估并未评估态度变化的持久性。没有研究清楚地表明此类宣传活动有助于增加寻求护理或减少自杀行为。
制定评估公众教育宣传活动以提高对自杀和抑郁认识的指南对于科学家和利益相关者之间的知识共享至关重要。
