Pai Dave A, Engelke David R
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0606, USA.
Chromosoma. 2010 Feb;119(1):13-25. doi: 10.1007/s00412-009-0236-2. Epub 2009 Aug 30.
The DNA of living cells is highly compacted. Inherent in this spatial constraint is the need for cells to organize individual genetic loci so as to facilitate orderly retrieval of information. Complex genetic regulatory mechanisms are crucial to all organisms, and it is becoming increasingly evident that spatial organization of genes is one very important mode of regulation for many groups of genes. In eukaryotic nuclei, it appears not only that DNA is organized in three-dimensional space but also that this organization is dynamic and interactive with the transcriptional state of the genes. Spatial organization occurs throughout evolution and with genes transcribed by all classes of RNA polymerases in all eukaryotic nuclei, from yeast to human. There is an increasing body of work examining the ways in which this organization and consequent regulation are accomplished. In this review, we discuss the diverse strategies that cells use to preferentially localize various classes of genes.
活细胞的DNA高度压缩。这种空间限制的内在要求是细胞需要组织单个基因座，以便促进信息的有序检索。复杂的基因调控机制对所有生物体都至关重要，越来越明显的是，基因的空间组织是许多基因组非常重要的一种调控模式。在真核细胞核中，不仅DNA在三维空间中被组织起来，而且这种组织是动态的，并且与基因的转录状态相互作用。空间组织在整个进化过程中都存在，并且在从酵母到人类的所有真核细胞核中，所有类别的RNA聚合酶转录的基因都存在这种现象。越来越多的研究工作在探讨这种组织以及随之而来的调控是如何实现的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细胞用于优先定位各类基因的不同策略。
