Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Behav Genet. 2009 Nov;39(6):605-15. doi: 10.1007/s10519-009-9294-8. Epub 2009 Sep 3.
Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) can be assessed with distinct measures that have been hypothesized to represent different domains of SWB. The current study assessed SWB with four different measures in a genetically informative sample of adolescent twins and their siblings aged 13-28 years (N = 5,024 subjects from 2,157 families). Multivariate genetic modeling was applied to the data to explore the etiology of individual differences in SWB measures and the association among them. Developmental trends and sex differences were examined for mean levels and the variance-covariance structure. Mean SWB levels were equal in men and women. A small negative effect of age on mean levels of SWB was found. Individual differences in SWB were accounted for by additive and non-additive genetic influences, and non-shared environment. The broad-sense heritabilities were estimated between 40 and 50%. The clustering of the four different measures (quality of life in general, satisfaction with life, quality of life at present, and subjective happiness) was explained by an underlying additive genetic factor and an underlying non-additive genetic factor. The effect of these latent genetic factors on the phenotypes was not moderated by either age or sex.
主观幸福感 (SWB) 可以通过不同的测量方法进行评估，这些方法被假设代表了 SWB 的不同领域。本研究在一个具有遗传信息的青少年双胞胎及其 13-28 岁兄弟姐妹样本中（来自 2157 个家庭的 5024 名受试者），使用四种不同的方法评估了 SWB。多元遗传模型被应用于数据分析，以探讨 SWB 测量指标个体差异的病因以及它们之间的关联。还检查了平均水平和方差协方差结构的发展趋势和性别差异。男性和女性的 SWB 平均水平相等。发现 SWB 平均水平随年龄呈小的负向变化。SWB 的个体差异由加性和非加性遗传影响以及非共享环境决定。广义遗传率估计在 40%至 50%之间。四种不同测量方法（一般生活质量、生活满意度、当前生活质量和主观幸福感）的聚类可以用一个潜在的加性遗传因素和一个潜在的非加性遗传因素来解释。这些潜在遗传因素对表型的影响不受年龄或性别的调节。
