Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
J Sleep Res. 2009 Dec;18(4):436-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00765.x. Epub 2009 Aug 31.
This study investigated the relationship between self-reported sleep factors (sleep duration, insomnia, use of sleeping medicine, probable sleep apnoea and feelings of fatigue and tiredness) with cognitive functioning in 5177 people aged 30 years or older from a cross-sectional representative sample of the adult population in Finland (The Finnish Health 2000 Survey). Previous studies have indicated a U-shaped association between increased health risks and sleep duration; we hypothesized a U-shaped association between sleep duration and cognitive functioning. Objective cognitive functioning was assessed with tasks derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease test battery (verbal fluency, encoding and retaining verbal material). Subjective cognitive functioning and sleep-related factors were assessed with questionnaires. Health status was assessed during a health interview. Depressive and alcohol use disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Medication was recorded during the health examination. Short and long sleep duration, tiredness and fatigue were found to be associated with both objectively assessed and self-reported decreased cognitive functioning. The association was stronger between sleep factors and subjective cognitive function than with objective cognitive tests. These data suggest that self-reported habitual short and long sleep duration reflect both realization of homeostatic sleep need and symptom formation in the context of the individual's health status.
本研究调查了自报睡眠因素（睡眠时间、失眠、使用睡眠药物、可能的睡眠呼吸暂停以及疲劳和疲倦感）与认知功能之间的关系，研究对象为来自芬兰成年人代表性横断面样本的 5177 名年龄在 30 岁或以上的人群（芬兰健康 2000 调查）。先前的研究表明，健康风险与睡眠时间之间呈 U 型关系；我们假设睡眠时间与认知功能之间呈 U 型关系。客观认知功能通过来自阿尔茨海默病登记研究协会测试电池（词汇流畅性、编码和保留言语材料）的任务进行评估。主观认知功能和与睡眠相关的因素通过问卷进行评估。健康状况在健康访谈中进行评估。抑郁和酒精使用障碍通过综合国际诊断访谈进行评估。药物在健康检查期间记录。短睡眠和长睡眠、疲倦和疲劳均与客观评估和自我报告的认知功能下降有关。睡眠因素与主观认知功能的关联强于与客观认知测试的关联。这些数据表明，自我报告的习惯性短睡眠和长睡眠既反映了内稳态睡眠需求的实现，也反映了个体健康状况背景下症状的形成。
