衰老与识别记忆中基于流畅性的错觉
Aging and fluency-based illusions in recognition memory.
作者信息
Thapar Anjali, Westerman Deanne L
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.
出版信息
Psychol Aging. 2009 Sep;24(3):595-603. doi: 10.1037/a0016575.
We examined age-related differences in susceptibility to fluency-based memory illusions. The results from 2 experiments, in which 2 different methods were used to enhance the fluency of recognition test items, revealed that older and young adults did not differ significantly in terms of their overall susceptibility to this type of memory illusion. Older and young adults were also similar in that perceptual fluency did not influence recognition memory responses when there was a mismatch in the sensory modality of the study and test phases. Likewise, a more conceptual fluency manipulation influenced recognition memory responses in both older and young adults regardless of the match in modality. Overall, the results indicate that older adults may not be more vulnerable than young adults to fluency-based illusions of recognition memory. Moreover, young and older adults appear to be comparable in their sensitivity to factors that modulate the influence of fluency on recognition decisions.
我们研究了基于流畅性的记忆错觉易感性方面与年龄相关的差异。在两项实验中，采用了两种不同方法来提高识别测试项目的流畅性，结果显示，老年人和年轻人在对这类记忆错觉的总体易感性方面没有显著差异。老年人和年轻人还有一个相似之处，即当学习和测试阶段的感觉通道不匹配时，知觉流畅性不会影响识别记忆反应。同样，一种更具概念性的流畅性操纵对老年人和年轻人的识别记忆反应都有影响，而与通道匹配与否无关。总体而言，结果表明老年人在基于流畅性的识别记忆错觉方面可能并不比年轻人更易受影响。此外，年轻人和老年人在对调节流畅性对识别决策影响的因素的敏感性方面似乎相当。
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