Westerman Deanne L, Miller Jeremy K, Lloyd Marianne E
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Jun;31(4):619-29. doi: 10.3758/bf03196102.
Four experiments (total N=295) were conducted to determine whether within-modality changes in perceptual form between the study and the test phases of an experiment would moderate the role of the fluency heuristic in recognition memory. Experiment 1 showed that a change from pictures to words reduced the role of fluency in recognition memory. In Experiment 2, the same result was found using counterfeit study lists that supposedly consisted of pictures or words. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that changes in the font used to present the study and test words also attenuated the contribution of fluency to the recognition decision when font change was manipulated between subjects, but not within subjects. Results suggest that the fluency heuristic is subject to metacognitive control, since participants' attributions of perceptual fluency depend on the perceived usefulness of fluency as a cue to recognition.
进行了四项实验（总样本量N = 295），以确定在实验的学习阶段和测试阶段之间，感知形式在模态内的变化是否会调节流畅性启发式在识别记忆中的作用。实验1表明，从图片到单词的变化降低了流畅性在识别记忆中的作用。在实验2中，使用据称由图片或单词组成的伪造学习列表也得到了相同的结果。实验3和实验4表明，当在受试者之间而非受试者内部操纵用于呈现学习和测试单词的字体变化时，字体变化也会减弱流畅性对识别决策的贡献。结果表明，流畅性启发式受元认知控制，因为参与者对感知流畅性的归因取决于流畅性作为识别线索的感知有用性。
