Deschaseaux Frédéric, Sensébé Luc, Heymann Dominique
Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Atlantique, Groupe de Recherche sur les Cellules Souches Mésenchymateuses, Tours, France.
Trends Mol Med. 2009 Sep;15(9):417-29. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Sep 8.
Bone problems can have a highly deleterious impact on life and society, therefore understanding the mechanisms of bone repair is important. In vivo studies show that bone repair processes in adults resemble normal development of the skeleton during embryogenesis, which can thus be used as a model. In addition, recent studies of skeletal stem cell biology have underlined several crucial molecular and cellular processes in bone formation. Hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related protein, Wnt, bone morphogenetic proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinases are the main molecular players, and osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells are the main cells involved in these processes. However, questions remain regarding the precise mechanisms of bone formation, how the different molecular processes interact, and the real identity of regenerative cells. Here, we review recent studies of bone regeneration and repair. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is expected to facilitate the development of new strategies for improving bone repair.
骨骼问题会对生活和社会产生极其有害的影响，因此了解骨修复机制很重要。体内研究表明，成年人的骨修复过程类似于胚胎发育过程中骨骼的正常发育，因此可将胚胎发育用作模型。此外，最近对骨骼干细胞生物学的研究强调了骨形成过程中的几个关键分子和细胞过程。刺猬蛋白、甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白、Wnt、骨形态发生蛋白和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶是主要的分子参与者，破骨细胞和间充质干细胞是参与这些过程的主要细胞。然而，关于骨形成的精确机制、不同分子过程如何相互作用以及再生细胞的真实身份等问题仍然存在。在此，我们综述了近期关于骨再生和修复的研究。期望对潜在机制有更好的理解将有助于开发改善骨修复的新策略。
