Department of Dental and Oral Health, University of Dundee, Dental Hospital and School, Dundee, UK.
Lancet. 2009 Nov 21;374(9703):1773-85. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60695-4. Epub 2009 Sep 9.
Clefts of the lip and palate are generally divided into two groups, isolated cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate, representing a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the lips and oral cavity. These defects arise in about 1.7 per 1000 liveborn babies, with ethnic and geographic variation. Effects on speech, hearing, appearance, and psychology can lead to longlasting adverse outcomes for health and social integration. Typically, children with these disorders need multidisciplinary care from birth to adulthood and have higher morbidity and mortality throughout life than do unaffected individuals. This Seminar describes embryological developmental processes, epidemiology, known environmental and genetic risk factors, and their interaction. Although access to care has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries, quality of care still varies substantially. Prevention is the ultimate objective for clefts of the lip and palate, and a prerequisite of this aim is to elucidate causes of the disorders. Technological advances and international collaborations have yielded some successes.
唇腭裂通常分为两类，孤立性腭裂和唇裂伴或不伴腭裂，代表了一组影响唇和口腔的异质性疾病。这些缺陷在大约每 1000 名活产婴儿中就有 1.7 例，存在种族和地域差异。对言语、听力、外貌和心理的影响会导致健康和社会融合的长期不良后果。通常，患有这些疾病的儿童从出生到成年都需要多学科的护理，并且他们一生中的发病率和死亡率都高于未受影响的个体。本研讨会描述了胚胎发育过程、流行病学、已知的环境和遗传风险因素及其相互作用。尽管近年来获得护理的机会有所增加，尤其是在发展中国家，但护理质量仍存在很大差异。唇腭裂的最终目标是预防，而实现这一目标的前提是阐明这些疾病的原因。技术进步和国际合作已经取得了一些成功。
