Zhang L, Yue H Y, Zhang H J, Xu L, Wu S G, Yan H J, Gong Y S, Qi G H
Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, China.
Poult Sci. 2009 Oct;88(10):2033-41. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00128.
The effect of transport stress on blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality in broilers was investigated. Arbor Acres chicks (n = 360, 1 d old, males) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments: unstressed control, 45-min (short-term) transport with 45-min (short-term) recovery, 45-min transport with 3-h (long-term) recovery; 3 h (long-term) transport with 45-min recovery, and 3-h transport with 3-h recovery. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with 12 birds each. On d 46, all birds (except the control group) were transported according to a designed protocol. Transport time affected plasma glucose level (P<0.05) and glycogen level (P=0.06) in breast muscle as well as the area (P<0.01) and density (P<0.01) of IIa fibers. Glucose concentration increased slightly during the first 45 min of transport and then decreased dramatically in the long-term transported broilers (P<0.05). Long-term transport decreased the concentration of breast glycogen (P=0.06) and affected the size of IIa fibers in tibialis anterior by decreasing the area (P<0.01) with an increase in density (P<0.01). However, a long-term recovery after transport contributed to the homeostasis of blood corticosterone (CORT, P=0.05) and low levels of glycogen (P<0.05), lactate (P<0.01), and glycolytic potential (P<0.01) in thigh muscles. Interactions existed between transport and recovery time on area (P<0.05) and density (P<0.01) of IIa fibers. Furthermore, plasma nonesterified fatty acids increased significantly in the 3-h transport with 3-h recovery group (P<0.05) in comparison with the control. These results suggested that transport induced the release of plasma CORT and glycopenia, which affected the contractive status of muscle fibers by changing their area and density, and enhanced glycolysis and even lipolysis. A long-term recovery after transport was beneficial in lowering plasma CORT levels and reducing muscle glycolysis, which might improve broiler meat quality.
研究了运输应激对肉鸡血液代谢、糖酵解潜能和肉质的影响。爱拔益加雏鸡（n = 360，1日龄，雄性）被随机分配到5种处理中的1种：无应激对照组、45分钟（短期）运输并恢复45分钟、45分钟运输并恢复3小时（长期）；3小时（长期）运输并恢复45分钟，以及3小时运输并恢复3小时。每个处理包括6个重复，每个重复12只鸡。在第46天，所有鸡（对照组除外）按照设计方案进行运输。运输时间影响了胸肌中的血浆葡萄糖水平（P<0.05）和糖原水平（P=0.06），以及IIa型纤维的面积（P<0.01）和密度（P<0.01）。在运输的前45分钟，葡萄糖浓度略有增加，然后在长期运输的肉鸡中急剧下降（P<0.05）。长期运输降低了胸肌糖原浓度（P=0.06），并通过减小胫前肌IIa型纤维的面积（P<0.01）和增加密度（P<0.01）来影响其大小。然而，运输后的长期恢复有助于血液皮质酮（CORT，P=0.05）的稳态以及大腿肌肉中糖原（P<0.05）、乳酸（P<0.01）和糖酵解潜能（P<0.01）的低水平。运输和恢复时间之间在IIa型纤维的面积（P<0.05）和密度（P<0.01）上存在相互作用。此外，与对照组相比，运输3小时并恢复3小时组的血浆非酯化脂肪酸显著增加（P<0.05）。这些结果表明，运输诱导了血浆CORT的释放和糖原减少，这通过改变肌肉纤维的面积和密度影响了肌肉纤维的收缩状态，并增强了糖酵解甚至脂解。运输后的长期恢复有利于降低血浆CORT水平并减少肌肉糖酵解，这可能会改善肉鸡的肉质。
