Ellis D H, Pfeiffer T J
Department of Microbiology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, Australia.
Lancet. 1990 Oct 13;336(8720):923-5. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92283-n.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a biotrophic smut-like fungus, and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis can mainly be explained by exposure to an infective aerosolised inoculum. For C neoformans var gattii it is postulated that the principal infectious propagule is the basidiospore and that exposure to Eucalyptus camaldulensis, the host tree, is required to initiate infection in man and animals. C neoformans var gattii may have been exported from Australia by infected seeds of E camaldulensis containing dormant dikaryotic mycelium of the fungus. For C neoformans var neoformans both the basidiospore and desiccated encapsulated yeast cells are postulated to act as infectious propagules, the basidiospores showing a seasonal distribution in association with an as yet unidentified host plant, and the encapsulated yeast cells dispersed from accumulations of dried bird (mainly pigeon) droppings which act as a year-round vector.
新型隐球菌是一种类似黑粉菌的活体营养型真菌，隐球菌病的流行病学主要可通过接触感染性气溶胶接种物来解释。对于新型隐球菌格特变种，据推测主要感染繁殖体是担孢子，并且人类和动物感染需要接触宿主树——赤桉。新型隐球菌格特变种可能通过含有该真菌休眠双核菌丝体的赤桉感染种子从澳大利亚传播出去。对于新型隐球菌新型变种，担孢子和干燥的有荚膜酵母细胞都被认为是感染繁殖体，担孢子呈现季节性分布，与一种尚未确定的宿主植物有关，而有荚膜酵母细胞从作为全年传播媒介的干鸟（主要是鸽子）粪便堆积物中扩散出来。
