Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):204-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.021. Epub 2009 Aug 26.
The close genetic relationship of noroviruses and sapoviruses found in animals and humans has raised the question whether these viruses have a zoonotic potential. Transmission from animals to humans and vice versa would have far-reaching consequences for epidemiology and food safety. So far animal noro- and sapoviruses have not been found in humans. However detection of human noroviruses in animals as well as simultaneous presence of animal and human viruses in bivalve molluscs suggest a risk of transmission. Furthermore, antibodies against animal noroviruses were detected in humans as well as antibodies against human noroviruses in swine. Experimental infection of gnotobiotic calves and pigs with human noroviruses demonstrated that virus replication and seroconversion can occur. Accordingly the possible role of noro- and sapoviruses as zoonotic agents needs to be further investigated.
在动物和人类中发现的诺如病毒和肠型杯状病毒密切的遗传关系，引发了这些病毒是否具有人畜共患病潜力的问题。病毒从动物传播到人类，或从人类传播到动物，这将对流行病学和食品安全产生深远影响。迄今为止，尚未在人类中发现动物源的诺如病毒和肠型杯状病毒。然而，在动物中检测到人类诺如病毒，以及双壳贝类中同时存在动物和人类病毒，表明存在传播风险。此外，在人类中检测到针对动物诺如病毒的抗体，在猪中也检测到针对人类诺如病毒的抗体。用人诺如病毒感染无菌小牛和猪的实验表明，病毒复制和血清转换可以发生。因此，需要进一步研究诺如病毒和肠型杯状病毒作为人畜共患病病原体的可能作用。
