Feldman Moshe, Levy Avraham A
Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
J Genet Genomics. 2009 Sep;36(9):511-8. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60142-3.
Allopolyploidy accelerates genome evolution in wheat in two ways: 1) allopolyploidization triggers rapid genome alterations (revolutionary changes) through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal genetic and epigenetic changes, and 2) the allopolyploid condition facilitates sporadic genomic changes during the life of the species (evolutionary changes) that are not attainable at the diploid level. The revolutionary alterations, occurring during the formation of the allopolyploid and leading to rapid cytological and genetic diploidization, facilitate the successful establishment of the newly formed allopolyploid in nature. On the other hand, the evolutionary changes, occurring during the life of the allopolyploids, increase the intra-specific genetic diversity, and consequently, increased fitness, adaptability and competitiveness. These phenomena, emphasizing the dynamic plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome with regards to both structure and function, are described and discussed in this review.
1）异源多倍体化通过瞬间产生各种主要的遗传和表观遗传变化引发快速的基因组改变（革命性变化），以及2）异源多倍体状态促进物种生命周期中零星的基因组变化（进化性变化），而这些变化在二倍体水平上是无法实现的。在异源多倍体形成过程中发生的革命性改变，导致快速的细胞学和遗传二倍体化，有助于新形成的异源多倍体在自然环境中成功建立。另一方面，在异源多倍体生命周期中发生的进化性变化，增加了种内遗传多样性，从而提高了适应性、适应能力和竞争力。本综述描述并讨论了这些现象，它们强调了异源多倍体小麦基因组在结构和功能方面的动态可塑性。
