Dugee Otgontuya, Khor Geok Lin, Lye Munn-Sann, Luvsannyam Lhagva, Janchiv Oyunbileg, Jamyan Batjargal, Esa Norhaizan
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University, Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(3):433-40.
Mongolia is experiencing changes in its unique nomadic lifestyle and dietary habits in the last two decades with accompanying increase in obesity rate. The dietary pattern approach, which investigates the overall diet in relation to obesity risks, has become appealing in nutrition epidemiology. The aim of this study was to identify major dietary patterns of the Mongolian adults in relation to the risk of having obesity. Dietary intake of a total 418 adults aged ? 25 years was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire with 68 items. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in three dietary patterns: transitional high in processed meat and potato, traditional rich in whole milk, fats and oils and healthy with greater intake of whole grains, mixed vegetables and fruits. Individuals in the upper quintile of the transitional pattern had significantly greater risk of obesity (BMI > or =25 kg/m2: OR=2.47; 95% CI=1.04-5.86) while subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern were found to have significantly decreased risk of obesity (OR: 0.49; 95% CI=0.25-0.95). Men in the highest quintile of the transitional pattern had greater risk of abdominal obesity WC > or =90 cm: OR= 4.08; 95% CI=1.11-14.97) than those in the lowest quintile. Women in the top quintile of the traditional pattern had a greater odds of having abdominal obesity (WC > or =80 cm: OR=4.59; 95% CI=1.58-13.30) than those in the lowest quintile. The study suggests that public health efforts be targeted at adults in Mongolia to address the undesirable aspects of the transitional and the traditional dietary patterns.
在过去二十年里，蒙古国独特的游牧生活方式和饮食习惯发生了变化，肥胖率随之上升。饮食模式研究方法探讨了总体饮食与肥胖风险之间的关系，在营养流行病学中颇受关注。本研究旨在确定蒙古国成年人与肥胖风险相关的主要饮食模式。通过使用包含68个条目的食物频率问卷，对总共418名年龄≥25岁的成年人的饮食摄入量进行了评估。探索性因素分析得出三种饮食模式：加工肉类和土豆含量高的过渡型、全脂牛奶、油脂含量丰富的传统型以及全谷物、混合蔬菜和水果摄入量较高的健康型。处于过渡型模式最高五分位数的个体肥胖风险显著更高（BMI≥25 kg/m²：OR = 2.47；95% CI = 1.04 - 5.86），而处于健康饮食模式最高五分位数的受试者肥胖风险显著降低（OR：0.49；95% CI = 0.25 - 0.95）。处于过渡型模式最高五分位数的男性腹部肥胖（腰围≥90 cm）风险高于最低五分位数的男性（OR = 4.08；95% CI = 1.11 - 14.97）。处于传统型模式最高五分位数的女性腹部肥胖（腰围≥80 cm）几率高于最低五分位数的女性（OR = 4.59；95% CI = 1.58 - 13.30）。该研究表明，蒙古国的公共卫生工作应针对成年人，以解决过渡型和传统饮食模式中不良的方面。
