Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 May;109(1):13-25. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1216-1. Epub 2009 Sep 29.
The aim of human temperature regulation is to protect body processes by establishing a relative constancy of deep body temperature (regulated variable), in spite of external and internal influences on it. This is basically achieved by a distributed multi-sensor, multi-processor, multi-effector proportional feedback control system. The paper explains why proportional control implies inherent deviations of the regulated variable from the value in the thermoneutral zone. The concept of feedback of the thermal state of the body, conveniently represented by a high-weighted core temperature (T (c)) and low-weighted peripheral temperatures (T (s)) is equivalent to the control concept of "auxiliary feedback control", using a main (regulated) variable (T (c)), supported by an auxiliary variable (T (s)). This concept implies neither regulation of T (s) nor feedforward control. Steady-states result in the closed control-loop, when the open-loop properties of the (heat transfer) process are compatible with those of the thermoregulatory processors. They are called operating points or balance points and are achieved due to the inherent property of dynamical stability of the thermoregulatory feedback loop. No set-point and no comparison of signals (e.g. actual-set value) are necessary. Metabolic heat production and sweat production, though receiving the same information about the thermal state of the body, are independent effectors with different thresholds and gains. Coordination between one of these effectors and the vasomotor effector is achieved by the fact that changes in the (heat transfer) process evoked by vasomotor control are taken into account by the metabolic/sweat processor.
人体温度调节的目的是通过建立深部体温（调节变量）的相对恒定性来保护身体过程，尽管受到外部和内部因素的影响。这主要是通过分布式多传感器、多处理器、多效应器比例反馈控制系统来实现的。本文解释了为什么比例控制意味着调节变量存在固有偏差，与热中性区的值不同。身体热状态的反馈概念，方便地表示为高权重核心温度（T(c)）和低权重外周温度（T(s)），相当于“辅助反馈控制”的控制概念，使用主（调节）变量（T(c)），由辅助变量（T(s)）支持。这个概念既不意味着调节 T(s)，也不意味着前馈控制。在闭环控制回路中，当（热传递）过程的开环特性与体温调节处理器的特性兼容时，就会出现稳态。它们被称为工作点或平衡点，这是由于体温调节反馈回路固有的动力稳定性特性所致。不需要设定点，也不需要比较信号（例如实际设定值）。代谢产热和出汗虽然接收关于身体热状态的相同信息，但它们是具有不同阈值和增益的独立效应器。这些效应器之一与血管运动效应器之间的协调是通过这样一个事实实现的，即血管运动控制引起的（热传递）过程的变化被代谢/出汗处理器考虑在内。
