Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Nov;27(13):1367-80. doi: 10.1080/02640410903110974.
The start of a new Olympic cycle offers a fresh chance for individuals and nations to excel at the highest level in sport. Most countries attempt to develop systematic structures to identify gifted athletes and to promote their development in a certain sport. However, forecasting years in advance the next generation of sporting experts and stimulating their development remains problematic. In this article, we discuss issues related to the identification and preparation of Olympic athletes. We provide field-based data suggesting that an earlier onset and a higher volume of discipline-specific training and competition, and an extended involvement in institutional talent promotion programmes, during adolescence need not necessarily be associated with greater success in senior international elite sport. Next, we consider some of the promising methods that have been (recently) presented in the literature and applied in the field. Finally, implications for talent identification and promotion and directions for future research are highlighted.
新的奥运周期为个人和国家在体育领域达到最高水平提供了新的机会。大多数国家都试图建立系统的结构来发现有天赋的运动员，并在特定的运动项目中促进他们的发展。然而，提前数年预测下一代体育专家并激发他们的发展仍然是一个问题。在本文中，我们讨论了与识别和培养奥运选手相关的问题。我们提供了基于现场的数据，表明在青少年时期更早开始、更多的专项训练和比赛，以及更长时间地参与机构人才培养计划，不一定与在高级国际精英运动中取得更大的成功相关。接下来，我们考虑了一些最近在文献中提出并在实践中应用的有前途的方法。最后，突出了对人才识别和培养的影响以及未来研究的方向。
