Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management,The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2010 May;41(3):376-81. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.08.003. Epub 2009 Sep 29.
Firefighters are subjected to a combination of physical and mental challenges in the course of their occupational responsibilities. However, due to the ecological factors involved with firefighting, it makes it extremely difficult to examine physiological and psychological changes that occur as a result of these combined challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a computer-based Fire Strategies and Tactics Drill (FSTD) in eliciting psychological and physiological measures of stress in professional firefighters. In one session, participants exercised at 60% VO(2max) for 37 min (exercise alone condition, EAC), and in the other session the firefighter exercised for an equal amount of time and responded to the FSTD (dual challenge condition; DCC) while exercising. Cardiorespiratory (heart rate [HR], respiration rate [RR], minute ventilation [V(E)], oxygen consumption [VO(2)], ventilatory efficiency [V(E)/VO(2)], and respiratory exchange ratio [RER]) and psychometric measures (State Anxiety Inventory [SAI] and Ratings of Perceived Exertion [RPE]) were obtained throughout the experimental protocols. The NASA Task Load Index was used to assess perceived physical and mental load during each condition. The results demonstrated that the participants perceived overall workload to be higher in the DCC. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed no differences between the EAC and DCC for VO(2) or RER, but the DCC did elicit significantly greater elevations in HR, RR, V(E), and V(E)/VO(2) compared to the EAC. These results suggest that the FSTD utilized in this study provides an effective method for examining the physiological and psychological responses of firefighters in a research laboratory environment.
消防员在履行职业职责时会面临身心的双重挑战。然而，由于消防工作涉及到生态因素，因此极难检测到由于这些综合挑战而导致的生理和心理变化。本研究旨在检验基于计算机的消防策略和战术训练器（FSTD）在诱发专业消防员心理和生理应激反应方面的效果。在一次训练中，参与者以 60%的最大摄氧量（VO(2max)）运动 37 分钟（单独运动条件，EAC），而在另一次训练中，消防员以相同的时间运动并在运动时响应 FSTD（双重挑战条件；DCC）。心肺功能（心率[HR]、呼吸频率[RR]、分钟通气量[V(E)]、耗氧量[VO(2)]、通气效率[V(E)/VO(2)]和呼吸交换率[RER]）和心理测量指标（状态焦虑量表[SAI]和感知用力等级[RPE]）在整个实验方案中均有记录。NASA 任务负荷指数用于评估每个条件下的身体和心理负荷。结果表明，参与者在 DCC 中整体感觉工作量更高。重复测量方差分析显示，EAC 和 DCC 之间在 VO(2)或 RER 方面没有差异，但 DCC 确实比 EAC 引起更高的 HR、RR、V(E)和 V(E)/VO(2)的升高。这些结果表明，本研究中使用的 FSTD 为在研究实验室环境中检查消防员的生理和心理反应提供了一种有效方法。
