Fite Paula J, Wynn Porche', Pardini Dustin A
Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Oct;77(5):916-27. doi: 10.1037/a0016626.
The authors investigated discrepancies in arrest rates between Black and White male juveniles by examining the role of early risk factors for arrest. Two hypotheses were evaluated: (a) Disproportionate minority arrest is due to increased exposure to early risk factors, and (b) a differential sensitivity to early risk factors contributes to disproportionate minority arrest. The study included 481 Black and White boys who were followed from childhood to early adulthood. A higher incidence of early risk factors accounted for racial differences related to any juvenile arrest, as well as differences in violence- and theft-related arrests. However, increased exposure to early risk factors did not explain race differences in drug-related arrests. Minimal support was found for the hypothesis that a differential sensitivity to risk factors accounts for disproportionate rate of minority male arrests. In sum, most racial discrepancies in juvenile male arrests were accounted for by an increased exposure to childhood risk factors. Specifically, Black boys were more likely to display early conduct problems and low academic achievement and experience poor parent-child communication, peer delinquency, and neighborhood problems, which increased their risk for juvenile arrest.
作者通过研究早期逮捕风险因素的作用，调查了黑人与白人男性青少年在逮捕率上的差异。评估了两个假设：(a) 少数族裔逮捕率过高是由于更多地暴露于早期风险因素；(b) 对早期风险因素的不同敏感性导致少数族裔逮捕率过高。该研究纳入了481名从童年到成年早期都受到跟踪的黑人和白人男孩。早期风险因素的较高发生率解释了与任何青少年逮捕相关的种族差异，以及与暴力和盗窃相关逮捕的差异。然而，更多地暴露于早期风险因素并不能解释与毒品相关逮捕中的种族差异。对于风险因素的不同敏感性导致少数族裔男性逮捕率过高这一假设，几乎没有得到支持。总之，青少年男性逮捕中的大多数种族差异是由于更多地暴露于童年风险因素。具体而言，黑人男孩更有可能表现出早期行为问题、学业成绩低，并经历不良的亲子沟通、同伴犯罪和邻里问题，这增加了他们青少年被捕的风险。
