Organista Kurt C, Kubo Ai
School of Social Welfare, 120 Haviland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7400, USA.
J Immigr Health. 2005 Oct;7(4):269-81. doi: 10.1007/s10903-005-5124-0.
A preliminary survey was conducted with 102 migrant day laborers (MDLs) to assess HIV risk and related contextual problems and issues. These men were primarily Mexican, of low SES background, low in acculturation to the United States, and their income ranged from $100 and $400 a week, 40% of which is sent back home. The psychosocial context of HIV risk included concerns expressed about lack of money and employment, followed by racism, social isolation, sadness and loneliness. High rates of alcohol use and binge drinking that co-occur with sexual activities were reported. While only 7% of MDLs reported illegal injection drug use, needles were frequently shared without bleach cleaning. Men generally did not carry condoms and knowledge of proper condom use was poor. For the most common form of sex reported, vaginal sex, condom use was infrequent. However, men did report confidence in being able to insist on condom use in challenging sexual situations, and they also reported fairly frequent pro-condom attitudes and behaviors within their social circles. Slightly over half of the men reported sexual activity with female partners, during the past 2 months. These female partners were almost evenly divided into regular sex partners, including spouses, and riskier partners such as one time only sex partners, prostitutes, and multiple sex partners. Results also indicated encouraging efforts by MDLs to reduce risk with risky partners (e.g., more condom use).
对102名流动日工进行了初步调查，以评估他们感染艾滋病毒的风险以及相关的背景问题。这些男性主要是墨西哥人，社会经济地位较低，对美国文化的适应程度较低，他们的收入在每周100美元至400美元之间，其中40%寄回国内。感染艾滋病毒风险的社会心理背景包括对缺钱和就业的担忧，其次是种族主义、社会孤立、悲伤和孤独。据报告，与性活动同时发生的酗酒和暴饮的发生率很高。虽然只有7%的流动日工报告有非法注射吸毒行为，但针头经常未经漂白剂清洗就被共用。男性一般不携带避孕套，对正确使用避孕套的知识也很匮乏。对于报告的最常见性行为形式——阴道性行为，使用避孕套的情况很少见。然而，男性确实表示有信心在具有挑战性的性情境中坚持使用避孕套，并且他们还报告在自己的社交圈子中支持使用避孕套的态度和行为相当频繁。略超过一半的男性报告在过去两个月内与女性伴侣有过性活动。这些女性伴侣几乎平均分为固定性伴侣，包括配偶，以及风险较高的伴侣，如一次性伴侣、妓女和多个性伴侣。结果还表明，流动日工在努力降低与高风险伴侣发生性行为的风险（例如，增加使用避孕套）方面做出了令人鼓舞的努力。
