University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, El Paso Regional Campus, 1100 North Stanton Street, Suite 110 El Paso, Texas 79902, USA.
J Food Prot. 2009 Oct;72(10):2184-8. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.10.2184.
A rise in foodborne outbreaks in the United States associated with fresh produce has resulted in increased concerns with the importation of fruits and vegetables. Mexico is a major exporter of produce to the United States, particularly tomatoes and bell peppers. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was conducted to evaluate the public health impact of protozoan-laden water irrigating produce in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Specifically, a QMRA was conducted to address the human health impact associated with consumption of tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, and lettuce irrigated with water contaminated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Yearly infection risks were estimated and assumed a 120-day exposure in a given year. Annual risks range from 9 x 10(-6) for Cryptosporidium at the lowest concentration associated with bell peppers to almost 2 x 10(-1) for exposure to Giardia on lettuce at the highest detected concentration. With the relatively high number of illnesses resulting from produce-related outbreaks, addressing pre- and postharvest points of contamination for fruits and vegetables consumed raw should be a food industry priority. This research shows how QMRA can be used to interpret microbial contamination data for public health significance and subsequently provide the foundation for guideline development.
美国与新鲜农产品有关的食源性疾病爆发有所增加，这导致人们对进口水果和蔬菜的安全性愈发关注。墨西哥是向美国大量出口农产品的国家，尤其是西红柿和甜椒。本文开展了一项定量微生物风险评估（QMRA），以评估水灌溉下产自墨西哥锡那罗亚州库利亚坎的农产品中的原生动物污染对公共卫生的影响。具体来说，进行 QMRA 是为了评估与食用受隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫污染的水灌溉的西红柿、甜椒、黄瓜和生菜相关的人类健康影响。估计了每年的感染风险，并假设在给定的一年中暴露 120 天。每年的风险范围从与甜椒相关的最低浓度下的隐孢子虫 9 x 10(-6)到最高检测浓度下的生菜中贾第鞭毛虫暴露的近 2 x 10(-1)。由于与农产品相关的疾病爆发数量相对较高，解决食用前和食用后水果和蔬菜的污染问题应成为食品行业的首要任务。本研究展示了如何使用 QMRA 来解释微生物污染数据对公共卫生的意义，并为指南的制定提供了基础。
