Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Jan;221(1):112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.10.009. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
The presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in waste water is a main concern because water reuse for irrigation can jeopardize human health. Spanish Legislation for water reuse does not oblige to analyze the presence of both pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia in reused water for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the influence of wastewater treatment in the increase of the consumer safety margin in relation to the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in leafy green vegetables. With this aim in mind, a total of 108 samples from raw (influent) and treated wastewater (effluent) from three wastewater treatment plants in Spain were analysed according to USEPA Method 1623. Effluent results show that Cryptosporidium oocysts average counts ranged from 1.38 to 2.6/L oocysts and Giardia cysts ranged from 0.6 to 1.7/L cysts, which means a removal values of 2.7 log, 2.5 log and 1.8 log for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 log, 2 log and 2.2 log for Giardia cysts in the three wastewater treatment plants analysed. In relation to safety margin the highest probability that exposure exceed the dose response was observed for Giardia. In addition, the sensitivity analysis showed that (oo)cysts concentration present in the leafy green vegetables and the human dose-response were the most influential inputs in the safety margin obtained.
废水中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫的存在是一个主要关注点，因为废水再利用进行灌溉可能会危及人类健康。西班牙的废水再利用法规并不强制要求分析再利用灌溉水中是否存在隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫这两种病原体。因此，本文的目的是确定废水处理对增加消费者安全边际的影响，以确定隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫在绿叶蔬菜中的存在。为此，根据美国环保署方法 1623，对西班牙三个废水处理厂的原始（进水）和处理后的废水（出水）进行了总共 108 个样本的分析。出水结果表明，隐孢子虫卵囊的平均计数范围为 1.38 至 2.6/L 卵囊，贾第虫包囊的范围为 0.6 至 1.7/L 包囊，这意味着在三个废水处理厂分析中，隐孢子虫卵囊的去除值分别为 2.7 对数、2.5 对数和 1.8 对数，贾第虫包囊的去除值分别为 1 对数、2 对数和 2.2 对数。关于安全边际，观察到暴露超过剂量反应的可能性最大的是贾第虫。此外，敏感性分析表明，绿叶蔬菜中（oo）囊浓度和人体剂量反应是获得安全边际的最具影响力的输入。
