Werner John S, Delahunt Peter B, Hardy Joseph L
Department of Ophthalmology and Section of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, U.S.A.
Opt Rev. 2004 Jul 1;11(4):226-234. doi: 10.1007/s10043-004-0226-9.
The human visual system undergoes continuous anatomical, physiological and functional changes throughout the life span. There is also continuous change in the spectral distribution and intensity of light reaching the retina from infancy through senescence, primarily due to changes in the absorption of short-wave light by the lens. Despite these changes in the retinal stimulus and the signals leaving the retina for perceptual analysis, color appearance is relatively stable during aging as measured by broadband reflective or self-luminous samples, the wavelengths of unique blue and yellow, and the achromatic locus. Measures of ocular media density for younger and older observers show, indeed, that color appearance is independent of ocular media density. This may be explained by a renormalization process that was demonstrated by measuring the chromaticity of the achromatic point before and after cataract surgery. There was a shift following cataract surgery (removal of a brunescent lens) that was initially toward yellow in color space, but over the course of months, drifted back in the direction of the achromatic point before surgery. The spatial characteristics of color mechanisms were quantified for younger and older observers in terms of chromatic perceptive fields and the chromatic contrast sensitivity functions. Younger and older observers differed with small spots or with chromatic spatial gratings near threshold, but there were no significant differences with larger spots or suprathreshold spatial gratings.
人类视觉系统在整个生命周期中会经历持续的解剖学、生理学和功能变化。从婴儿期到衰老期，到达视网膜的光的光谱分布和强度也在不断变化，这主要是由于晶状体对短波光线吸收的变化。尽管视网膜刺激以及离开视网膜进行感知分析的信号存在这些变化，但通过宽带反射或自发光样本、独特蓝黄的波长以及消色差轨迹来衡量，颜色外观在衰老过程中相对稳定。对年轻和年长观察者的眼介质密度测量确实表明，颜色外观与眼介质密度无关。这可以通过一种重新归一化过程来解释，该过程通过测量白内障手术前后消色差点的色度得到证实。白内障手术后（摘除棕色晶状体）会出现一种偏移，最初在颜色空间中朝着黄色方向，但在数月的过程中，又朝着手术前消色差点的方向漂移回来。根据色度感知场和色度对比敏感度函数，对年轻和年长观察者的颜色机制空间特征进行了量化。年轻和年长观察者在小斑点或接近阈值的色度空间光栅方面存在差异，但在较大斑点或超阈值空间光栅方面没有显著差异。
