Corporacion de Rehabilitacion Club De Leones Cruz Del Sur, Punta Arenas, Chile.
BMC Pediatr. 2009 Oct 21;9:66. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-66.
Previous studies have shown that children's nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to delayed development of their oral anatomy and functioning. However, these findings were inconsistent. We investigated associations between use of bottles, pacifiers, and other sucking behaviors with speech disorders in children attending three preschools in Punta Arenas (Patagonia), Chile.
Information on infant feeding and sucking behaviors, age starting and stopping breast- and bottle-feeding, pacifier use, and other sucking behaviors, was collected from self-administered questionnaires completed by parents. Evaluation of speech problems was conducted at preschools with subsequent scoring by a licensed speech pathologist using age-normative standards.
A total of 128 three- to five-year olds were assessed, 46% girls and 54% boys. Children were breastfed for an average of 25.2 (SD 9.6) months and used a bottle 24.4 (SD 15.2) months. Fifty-three children (41.7%) had or currently used a pacifier for an average of 11.4 (SD 17.3) months; 23 children (18.3%) were reported to have sucked their fingers. Delayed use of a bottle until after 9 months appeared to be protective for subsequent speech disorders. There was less than a one-third lower relative odds of subsequent speech disorders for children with a delayed use of a bottle compared to children without a delayed use of a bottle (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98). A three-fold increase in relative odds of speech disorder was found for finger-sucking behavior (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.10-8.00) and for use of a pacifier for 3 or more years (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.08-10.81).
The results suggest extended use of sucking outside of breastfeeding may have detrimental effects on speech development in young children.
先前的研究表明，儿童的非营养性吸吮习惯可能导致口腔解剖结构和功能发育延迟。然而，这些发现并不一致。我们调查了智利蓬塔阿雷纳斯（巴塔哥尼亚）三所幼儿园儿童使用奶瓶、奶嘴和其他吸吮行为与言语障碍之间的关系。
通过父母填写的自我管理问卷收集婴儿喂养和吸吮行为、开始和停止母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养的年龄、奶嘴使用和其他吸吮行为的信息。在幼儿园进行言语问题评估，随后由持照言语病理学家使用年龄正常标准进行评分。
共评估了 128 名 3 至 5 岁儿童，其中女孩占 46%，男孩占 54%。儿童平均母乳喂养 25.2（9.6）个月，使用奶瓶 24.4（15.2）个月。53 名儿童（41.7%）曾使用或目前正在使用奶嘴，平均使用 11.4（17.3）个月；23 名儿童（18.3%）报告有吮吸手指的习惯。延迟至 9 个月后使用奶瓶似乎对随后的言语障碍有保护作用。与未延迟使用奶瓶的儿童相比，延迟使用奶瓶的儿童随后发生言语障碍的相对风险较低，约为三分之一（OR：0.32，95%CI：0.10-0.98）。吸吮手指行为（OR：2.99，95%CI：1.10-8.00）和使用奶嘴 3 年以上（OR：3.42，95%CI：1.08-10.81）的儿童言语障碍相对风险增加了三倍。
结果表明，在母乳喂养之外长时间使用吸吮可能对幼儿的言语发展产生不利影响。
