Otgaar Henry, Candel Ingrid, Scoboria Alan, Merckelbach Harald
Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 Jan;133(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.09.002. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
We examined whether script knowledge contributes to the development of children's false memories. Sixty 7-year-old and 60 11-year-old children listened to false narratives describing either a high-knowledge event (i.e., fingers being caught in a mousetrap) or a low-knowledge event (i.e., receiving a rectal enema) that were similar in terms of plausibility and pleasantness. Moreover, half of the children in each condition received additional suggestive details about the false events. Across two interviews, children had to report everything they remembered about the events. Script knowledge affected children's false memories in that both younger and older children developed more false memories for the high-knowledge event than for the low-knowledge event. Moreover, at the first interview, additional suggestive details inhibited the development of children's images into false memories.
我们考察了脚本知识是否会促使儿童产生错误记忆。60名7岁儿童和60名11岁儿童听取了虚假叙述,这些叙述描述的要么是一个高知识事件(即手指被鼠夹夹住),要么是一个低知识事件(即接受直肠灌肠),二者在合理性和愉悦度方面相似。此外,每种情况下的儿童中有一半收到了关于这些虚假事件的额外暗示性细节。在两次访谈中,儿童必须报告他们所记得的关于这些事件的一切。脚本知识影响了儿童的错误记忆,因为年幼儿童和年长儿童对高知识事件产生的错误记忆都比对低知识事件产生的更多。此外,在第一次访谈中,额外的暗示性细节抑制了儿童的表象发展为错误记忆。