Health Services Research, Epidemiology and International Health, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Jun;13(6):751-9. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009991844. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
To assess progress in the protection, promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe.
Data for 2002 and 2007 were gathered with the same questionnaire. Of thirty countries, twenty-nine returned data for 2002, twenty-four for 2007.
The number of countries with national policies complying with WHO recommendations increased. In 2007, six countries lacked a national policy, three a national plan, four a national breast-feeding coordinator and committee. Little improvement was reported in pre-service training; however, the number of countries with good coverage in the provision of WHO/UNICEF courses for in-service training increased substantially, as reflected in a parallel increase in the number of Baby Friendly Hospitals and the proportion of births taking place in them. Little improvement was reported as far as implementation of the International Code on Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes is concerned. Except for Ireland and the UK, where some improvement occurred, no changes were reported on maternity protection. Due to lack of standard methods, it was difficult to compare rates of breast-feeding among countries. With this in mind, slight improvements in the rates of initiation, exclusivity and duration were reported by countries where data at two points in time were available.
Breast-feeding rates continue to fall short of global recommendations. National policies are improving slowly but are hampered by the lack of action on maternity protection and the International Code. Pre-service training and standard monitoring of breast-feeding rates are the areas where more efforts are needed to accelerate progress.
评估欧洲在保护、促进和支持母乳喂养方面的进展。
采用相同的问卷收集了 2002 年和 2007 年的数据。在 30 个国家中，29 个国家报告了 2002 年的数据，24 个国家报告了 2007 年的数据。
符合世界卫生组织建议的国家政策数量有所增加。2007 年，有 6 个国家没有国家政策，3 个国家没有国家计划，4 个国家没有国家母乳喂养协调员和委员会。虽然职前培训方面的改善不大，但提供世卫组织/儿基会在职培训课程的国家数量大幅增加，这反映在“爱婴医院”数量的增加和其中分娩比例的提高。《国际母乳代用品销售守则》的实施情况几乎没有改善。除爱尔兰和联合王国略有改善外，产妇保护方面没有变化。由于缺乏标准方法，难以比较各国的母乳喂养率。考虑到这一点，在有两个时间点数据的国家中，报告的起始率、专一度和持续时间略有改善。
母乳喂养率仍然低于全球建议。国家政策正在缓慢改善，但受到产妇保护和《国际母乳代用品销售守则》缺乏行动的阻碍。职前培训和母乳喂养率的标准监测是需要进一步努力以加速进展的领域。
