University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
IBFAN Italia, Androna San Fortunato 8, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
Int Breastfeed J. 2020 Jun 4;15(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13006-020-00282-z.
To protect children's right to optimal nutrition, WHO/UNICEF developed a Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, endorsed by all 53 WHO/EURO Member States. The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) is a tool for monitoring implementation of the Global Strategy. It comprises 15 indicators, ten referring to policies and programmes, and five to feeding practices. Each is scored on a scale of 10, giving a total score of 150 for Global Strategy implementation. To date, 18 WHO/EURO Member States - Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine and United Kingdom - have conducted a WBTi assessment and produced a report.
Between June 2018 and May 2019, all 18 WBTi European reports were carefully read and analysed by a group of national WBTi coordinators. Descriptive data analysis, including inter-country comparisons, was conducted using frequencies and percentages. This paper summarises the findings. The full 88-page report will be published on the WBTi website.
Three-quarters of 18 European countries have adequate maternity protection, and two-thirds have breastfeeding initiation rates of 50% or higher. However, 'Preparedness and planning for appropriate and safe Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in emergencies' is seriously neglected. Breastfeeding duration is far below WHO recommendations, with an average of 8.7 months. Only three European countries have a budget allocated for implementing IYCF policies and plans, and a third currently have no Baby-friendly designated maternity facilities. Bottle feeding is prevalent, despite its inherent risks, monitoring of IYCF practices is inadequate, with most countries not routinely collecting data, and violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes are commonplace.
European governments are not doing enough to protect, promote and support sound infant and young child feeding practices. Political commitment at the highest level and adequate funding are required to ensure optimal IYCF for Europe's babies. This report highlights worrying gaps, thereby providing governments, international organisations and other concerned parties with an opportunity to invest in priority areas and, by doing so, hopefully create a better future for our babies.
为了保护儿童获得最佳营养的权利，世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会制定了全球婴幼儿喂养战略，得到了世卫组织/欧洲区域 53 个成员国的认可。世界母乳喂养趋势倡议（WBTi）是监测全球战略实施情况的工具。它由 15 项指标组成，其中 10 项涉及政策和方案，5 项涉及喂养做法。每项指标的评分范围为 10 分，全球战略实施总分为 150 分。迄今为止，亚美尼亚、奥地利、比利时、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、克罗地亚、法国、格鲁吉亚、德国、意大利、立陶宛、北马其顿、马耳他、摩尔多瓦、葡萄牙、西班牙、土耳其、乌克兰和英国 18 个世卫组织/欧洲区域成员国已经进行了 WBTi 评估并编写了报告。
在 2018 年 6 月至 2019 年 5 月期间，一组国家 WBTi 协调员仔细阅读并分析了 18 份 WBTi 欧洲报告。使用频率和百分比进行了描述性数据分析，包括国家间比较。本文总结了调查结果。完整的 88 页报告将在 WBTi 网站上发布。
18 个欧洲国家中，有四分之三的国家有足够的孕产妇保护措施，三分之二的国家有 50%或以上的婴儿母乳喂养率。然而，“为婴幼儿喂养（IYCF）在紧急情况下的适当和安全准备和规划”却严重被忽视。母乳喂养持续时间远低于世卫组织的建议，平均为 8.7 个月。仅有 3 个欧洲国家为执行 IYCF 政策和计划分配了预算，有三分之一的国家目前没有母婴友好型指定的产妇设施。尽管存在固有风险，但奶瓶喂养仍然很普遍，而且对 IYCF 做法的监测也不充分，大多数国家没有定期收集数据，违反《国际母乳代用品销售守则》的情况也很常见。
欧洲各国政府在保护、促进和支持合理的婴幼儿喂养做法方面做得还不够。需要最高层的政治承诺和充足的资金，以确保欧洲婴儿获得最佳的 IYCF。本报告突出了令人担忧的差距，从而为各国政府、国际组织和其他有关各方提供了一个投资于优先领域的机会，希望为我们的婴儿创造一个更美好的未来。
