Greitz T, Bohm C, Holte S, Eriksson L
Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1991 Jan-Feb;15(1):26-38.
An adjustable computerized atlas of the human brain has been developed, which can be adapted to fit individual anatomy. It is primarily intended for positron emission tomography (PET) but may also be used for single photon emission CT, transmission CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuroimaging-based procedures, such as stereotactic surgery and radiotherapy. The atlas is based on anatomical information obtained from brains fixed in situ soon after death. All structures have been drawn in on digitized photos of slices from one cryosectioned brain. The definition and classification of the anatomical structures and divisions are in agreement with the standard textbooks of anatomy, and the nomenclature is that of the Nomina Anatomica of 1965. The boundaries of the cortical cytoarchitectonic areas (Brodmann areas) have been determined using information from several sources, since three-dimensional literature data on their distribution are incomplete, scarce, and partly contradictory. However, no analysis of the cytoarchitectonics of the atlas brain itself has been undertaken. At present the data base contains three-dimensional representations of the brain surface, the ventricular system, the cortical gyri and sulci, as well as the Brodmann cytoarchitectonic areas. The major basal ganglia, the brain stem nuclei, the lobuli of the vermis, and the cerebellar hemispheres are also included. The computerized atlas can be used to improve the quantification and evaluation of PET data in several ways. For instance, it can serve as a guide in selecting regions of interest. It may also facilitate comparisons of data from different individuals or groups of individuals, by applying the inverse atlas transformation to PET data volume, thus relating the PET information to the anatomy of the reference atlas rather than to the patient's anatomy. Reformatted PET data from individuals can thus be averaged, and averages from different categories or different functional states of patients can be compared.
已开发出一种可调节的人脑计算机图谱，它能够进行调整以适应个体解剖结构。该图谱主要用于正电子发射断层扫描（PET），但也可用于单光子发射计算机断层扫描、透射计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像以及基于神经成像的程序，如立体定向手术和放射治疗。该图谱基于死后不久原位固定的大脑所获得的解剖学信息。所有结构都已绘制在一个冷冻切片大脑的数字化切片照片上。解剖结构和分区的定义与分类与解剖学标准教科书一致，命名法采用1965年的《解剖学名词》。由于关于皮质细胞构筑区域（布罗德曼区域）分布的三维文献数据不完整、稀少且部分相互矛盾，因此已使用来自多个来源的信息确定了它们的边界。然而，尚未对图谱大脑本身的细胞构筑进行分析。目前，数据库包含大脑表面、脑室系统、皮质回和沟以及布罗德曼细胞构筑区域的三维表示。主要的基底神经节、脑干核、蚓部小叶和小脑半球也包括在内。该计算机图谱可通过多种方式用于改进PET数据的量化和评估。例如，它可作为选择感兴趣区域的指南。通过将反向图谱变换应用于PET数据体，它还可以促进不同个体或个体组数据的比较，从而将PET信息与参考图谱的解剖结构相关联，而不是与患者的解剖结构相关联。因此，可以对来自个体的重新格式化的PET数据进行平均，并比较来自患者不同类别或不同功能状态的平均值。
