蛋白水解酶：I. 对其活性的控制。

PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES : I. THE CONTROL OF THEIR ACTIVITY.

机构信息

Department of Bacteriology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore.

出版信息

J Gen Physiol. 1946 Mar 20;29(4):219-47.

PMID:19873458

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2142744/

Abstract

The literature on conditions affecting the activity of proteolytic enzymes has been reviewed. 2. Experimental data on the control of the activity of trypsin, leucoprotease, papain, serum antiprotease, leucopeptidase, and pancreatic peptidase have been presented. These data indicate that: (a) The polymorphonuclearleucocytes of the cat contain abundant proteinase and peptidase active at neutral pH; those of the rabbit lack proteinase active at neutral pH. (b) Reducing agents, including several biologically important thiol-sulfhydryl compounds and ascorbic acid, inhibit the activity of leucoprotease and trypsin. For each reductant the degree of inhibition is proportional to the reducing capacity of the medium. (c) p-Aminobenzoic acid, sulfonamides (especially sulfathiazole), and many diphenyl sulfones inhibit the activity of leucoprotease. (d) Serum, plasma, several heavy metals, ammonium salts, asparagine, thiourea, heparin, glutamic acid, tyrothricin, calcium chloride, and bile salts and bile acids also inhibit the activity of leucoprotease, and in most cases of trypsin too. (e) Preparations of tryptic digests of proteins, and egg white trypsin inhibitor, inhibit trypsin to a much greater degree than leucoprotease. (f) Mild oxidizing agents increase the activity of leucoprotease and trypsin. (g) Oxidizing agents and some inhibitors of sulfhydryl groups inhibit the antiproteolytic activity of the serum. It is suggested that serum antiprotease may consist (chiefly) of reducing agents, including thiol-sulfhydryl peptides which exert their antiproteolytic activity by virtue of the presence of sulfhydryl groups. (h) The antiproteolytic activity of the serum is progressively weakened by exposure to a hydrogen ion concentration below pH 6.5 or above pH 9.7. Because of this the pH optima of leucoprotease and trypsin are shifted in the presence of serum from pH of 7 and 8 to pH of 6 to 6.5, and the range of activity of these enzymes is slightly widened, in both acid and alkaline reactions. (i) Reducing agents increase the activity of leucopeptidase and pancreatic peptidase. Serum, sulfathiazole, and thiourea have little or no effect. 3. The significance of the oxidation-reduction system in the control of the activity of leucoprotease, trypsin, serum antiprotease, leucopeptidase, and pancreatic peptidase has been emphasized.

摘要

已经对影响蛋白水解酶活性的文献进行了回顾。2. 本文介绍了胰蛋白酶、白细胞蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、血清抗蛋白酶、白细胞肽酶和胰肽酶活性控制的实验数据。这些数据表明：(a)猫的多形核白细胞含有丰富的在中性 pH 值下具有活性的蛋白酶和肽酶；兔的多形核白细胞缺乏在中性 pH 值下具有活性的蛋白酶。(b)还原剂，包括几种重要的生物硫醇巯基化合物和抗坏血酸，抑制白细胞蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性。对于每种还原剂，抑制程度与介质的还原能力成正比。(c)对氨基苯甲酸、磺胺类药物（尤其是磺胺噻唑）和许多二苯砜抑制白细胞蛋白酶的活性。(d)血清、血浆、几种重金属、铵盐、天冬酰胺、硫脲、肝素、谷氨酸、短杆菌肽、氯化钙、胆汁盐和胆酸也抑制白细胞蛋白酶的活性，在大多数情况下也抑制胰蛋白酶的活性。(e)蛋白质的胰蛋白酶消化物制剂和卵清胰蛋白酶抑制剂对胰蛋白酶的抑制程度比对白细胞蛋白酶大得多。(f)温和的氧化剂增加白细胞蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性。(g)氧化剂和一些巯基抑制剂抑制血清的抗蛋白水解活性。据认为，血清抗蛋白酶可能主要由还原剂组成，包括巯基肽，它们通过存在巯基发挥其抗蛋白水解活性。(h)血清的抗蛋白水解活性随着 pH 值低于 6.5 或高于 9.7 而逐渐减弱。由于这个原因，在血清存在下，白细胞蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的最适 pH 值从 7 和 8 转移到 6 到 6.5，这些酶的活性范围在酸和碱性反应中都略有扩大。(i)还原剂增加白细胞肽酶和胰肽酶的活性。血清、磺胺噻唑和硫脲几乎没有或没有影响。3. 已经强调了氧化还原系统在控制白细胞蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、血清抗蛋白酶、白细胞肽酶和胰肽酶活性中的作用。