Kaufman L N, Peterson M M, Smith S M
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
Am J Physiol. 1991 Jan;260(1 Pt 1):E95-100. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.1.E95.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either a high-fat diet or a glucose-enriched diet developed higher blood pressure (BP) than rats fed a control diet. After 8 wk of diet treatment systolic BP was 11% higher (P less than 0.01) in fat-fed rats and 7% higher (P less than 0.05) in glucose-fed rats when compared with rats fed the control diet. Rats fed the high-fat diet developed hypertension only when they were allowed to overeat and become obese and hyperinsulinemic. But when their feeding was restricted to prevent obesity and hyperinsulinemia, they remained normotensive. In contrast, elevated BP developed in rats consuming the glucose diet in the absence of obesity or hyperinsulinemia. After 7 wk of diet treatment, urinary norepinephrine excretion was 1.9 +/- 0.1, 1.9 +/- 0.1, and 1.5 +/- 0.1 micrograms/day in rats fed the high-fat, glucose, and control diets, respectively (P less than 0.05 vs. control). Higher norepinephrine excretion in hypertensive rats suggests that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity might participate in mediating the effects of dietary fat or glucose on BP. In addition, insulin may contribute to raising BP in rats fed the high-fat diet, either directly or indirectly through its stimulatory effect on the SNS. We conclude that chronic feeding of diets high in fat or glucose increases BP and enhances SNS activity in rats.
喂食高脂饮食或高糖饮食的雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠，其血压高于喂食对照饮食的大鼠。饮食治疗8周后，与喂食对照饮食的大鼠相比，喂食高脂饮食的大鼠收缩压高11%（P<0.01），喂食高糖饮食的大鼠收缩压高7%（P<0.05）。只有当喂食高脂饮食的大鼠被允许过度进食并变得肥胖和高胰岛素血症时，它们才会患高血压。但当限制它们的进食以防止肥胖和高胰岛素血症时，它们仍保持血压正常。相比之下，食用高糖饮食的大鼠在没有肥胖或高胰岛素血症的情况下血压升高。饮食治疗7周后，喂食高脂、高糖和对照饮食的大鼠尿去甲肾上腺素排泄量分别为1.9±0.1、1.9±0.1和1.5±0.1微克/天（与对照相比，P<0.05）。高血压大鼠较高的去甲肾上腺素排泄量表明，交感神经系统（SNS）活性增加可能参与介导饮食中的脂肪或葡萄糖对血压的影响。此外，胰岛素可能直接或通过其对SNS的刺激作用间接导致喂食高脂饮食的大鼠血压升高。我们得出结论，长期喂食高脂肪或高糖饮食会增加大鼠的血压并增强其SNS活性。
