Xie R K, Seip H M, Liu L, Zhang D S
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2009 Sep;2(3):123-131. doi: 10.1007/s11869-009-0039-x. Epub 2009 May 15.
Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province, China, is one of the most polluted cities in the world. To characterize the ambient particulate pollution, samples of particulates with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm (PM(10)) were collected during a 6-day campaign. Individual particles were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) to determine their chemical composition. Meanwhile, photomicrographs were obtained from SEM to aid in particles' source identification. The lumped data from SEM-EDS were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to sort out particle types chemically. HCA combined with SEM photomicrographs allowed us to identify 20 different particle types, namely (in order of particle frequency), soil/fly ash particles, coal-burning, sulfur-rich, and iron-rich particles, gypsum, syngenite, quartz, cement, silicon sulfide, siliconferro alloy, calcium-rich particles, ferrochromium alloy, ammonium sulfate and chloride, iron-zinc, ammonium chloride, molybdenum-rich, potassium sulfate, dolomite, lead sulfate, and copper-rich particles. Their possible origins and pathways are suggested. The majority of the particles seem to originate from coal combustion, which conforms to Taiyuan's industrial structure.
中国山西省省会太原是世界上污染最严重的城市之一。为了描述大气颗粒物污染特征，在为期6天的监测活动中采集了空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物（PM10）样本。通过扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪（SEM-EDS）对单个颗粒物进行分析，以确定其化学成分。同时，利用扫描电子显微镜获取显微照片，辅助颗粒物来源识别。对扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪得到的汇总数据进行层次聚类分析（HCA），从化学角度对颗粒物类型进行分类。层次聚类分析结合扫描电子显微镜显微照片使我们能够识别出20种不同的颗粒物类型，即（按颗粒物出现频率排序）土壤/粉煤灰颗粒、燃煤颗粒、富硫和富铁颗粒、石膏、钾石膏、石英、水泥、硫化硅、硅铁合金、富钙颗粒、铬铁合金、硫酸铵和氯化铵、铁锌颗粒、氯化铵、富钼颗粒、硫酸钾、白云石、硫酸铅和富铜颗粒。文中还提出了它们可能来源和路径。大多数颗粒物似乎源自煤炭燃烧，这与太原的产业结构相符。
