Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep;88(6):669-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01768.x.
To investigate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a rural population in north-east China.
A population-based study was conducted within Bin County, Harbin of north-east China. Low vision and blindness were defined using the World Health Organization categories of visual impairment. The prevalence of visual impairment was estimated, and causes were identified based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as well as presenting visual acuity (VA).
Out of 5764 people, 4956 (86.01%) aged older than 40 participated in the study. The prevalence of visual impairment, low vision and blindness based on presenting VA was 9.6% (BCVA, 6.6%), 7.7% (BCVA, 4.9%) and 1.9% (BCVA, 1.7%), respectively. Taking the presenting VA, cataract (44%) was the most common cause for visual impairment followed by uncorrected refractive error (24%), treatable causes of visual impairment accounted for 68% of the total cases. Cataract (59%) and glaucoma (15%) were leading causes for blindness based on presenting VA. According to BCVA, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (58% and 60%, respectively), followed by glaucoma (17% and 15%, respectively). The prevalence of visual impairment was higher among women than men (p<0.0001) and increasing with age (p<0.0001) and decreasing with increasing education level (p=0.0075).
Visual impairment was a serious public health problem in this rural population, with most of it easily remedied. Results highlighted the need for visual impairment prevention programs to an increasing number of elderly people, with a special emphasis on female and those with little or no education.
调查中国东北地区农村人口的视力障碍患病率及其原因。
在中国东北哈尔滨市宾县进行了一项基于人群的研究。使用世界卫生组织视力障碍分类来定义低视力和失明。根据最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和表现视力（VA）来估计视力障碍的患病率，并确定病因。
在 5764 人中，有 4956 人（86.01%）年龄大于 40 岁，参与了这项研究。根据表现 VA，视力障碍、低视力和失明的患病率分别为 9.6%（BCVA，6.6%）、7.7%（BCVA，4.9%）和 1.9%（BCVA，1.7%）。以表现 VA 为准，白内障（44%）是视力障碍的最常见原因，其次是未矫正的屈光不正（24%），可治疗的视力障碍原因占总病例的 68%。白内障（59%）和青光眼（15%）是基于表现 VA 的失明的主要原因。根据 BCVA，白内障是视力障碍和失明的主要原因（分别为 58%和 60%），其次是青光眼（分别为 17%和 15%）。女性的视力障碍患病率高于男性（p<0.0001），且随年龄增长（p<0.0001）和教育程度提高（p=0.0075）而降低。
视力障碍是该农村人口的一个严重公共卫生问题，其中大部分可通过简单的治疗来解决。研究结果强调了针对越来越多的老年人开展视力障碍预防计划的必要性，尤其需要关注女性和受教育程度低或没有受过教育的人群。
