Zhao Jialiang, Xu Xiao, Ellwein Leon B, Cai Ning, Guan Huaijin, He Mingguang, Liu Ping, Lv Jianhua, Sheng Xunlun, Yang Peizeng, Yi Jinglin, Yang Mei, Zhang Rui, Ding Xiaohu, Du Liping, Li Fengrong, Lu Hong, Shao Wenqiang, Wang Junwei, Yuan Yuansheng, Zhou Rui, Zhuang Wenjuan, An Lei
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Rehabilitation Administration Department, National Institute of Hospital Administration, Beijing, China.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Jan;185:81-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.10.016. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
To estimate the prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in 2014 among older adults in rural China with comparisons with the 2006 Nine-Province Survey.
Population-based, cross-sectional study.
Geographical cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting residents from a rural county or semi-rural district within 9 provinces: Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Hebei, Ningxia, Chongqing, and Yunnan. Persons 50 years of age or older were enumerated through household visits and invited to examination sites for visual acuity testing and examination. Vision impairment and blindness in 2014 was compared with data from the 2006 survey.
Among 51 310 examined persons, the prevalence of presenting vision impairment (<20/63 to ≥20/400) in the better-seeing eye ranged from 6.05% to 15.3% across the 9 study sites, with presenting blindness (<20/400) ranging from 0.66% to 5.35%. With best-corrected visual acuity, the prevalence of vision impairment ranged from 1.96% to 8.74%, and blindness from 0.47% to 5.01%. Vision impairment was associated with older age, female sex, and little or no education. The overall prevalence of presenting vision impairment and blindness decreased during the 2006-2014 interval by 6.31% and 29.0%, respectively; and by 16.1% and 38.0%, respectively, after standardization of 2006 prevalence rates to the 2014 population.
Substantial progress has been made in the reduction of vision impairment in rural China. Nevertheless, vision impairment remains an important public health problem with substantial geographic disparities and with older age, female sex, and illiteracy as risk factors.
评估2014年中国农村老年人视力损害和失明的患病率，并与2006年九省调查结果进行比较。
基于人群的横断面研究。
采用地理整群抽样法，从北京、江苏、广东、黑龙江、江西、河北、宁夏、重庆和云南9个省的一个农村县或半农村地区随机选取居民。通过入户访问对50岁及以上的人群进行登记，并邀请他们到检查点进行视力测试和检查。将2014年的视力损害和失明情况与2006年调查数据进行比较。
在51310名受检者中，9个研究地点中较好眼的当前视力损害（<20/63至≥20/400）患病率在6.05%至15.3%之间，当前失明（<20/400）患病率在0.66%至5.35%之间。经最佳矫正视力检查，视力损害患病率在1.96%至8.74%之间，失明患病率在0.47%至5.01%之间。视力损害与年龄较大、女性以及受教育程度低或未受教育有关。在2006 - 2014年期间，当前视力损害和失明的总体患病率分别下降了6.31%和29.0%；将2006年患病率标准化为2014年人口后，分别下降了16.1%和38.0%。
中国农村在减少视力损害方面取得了显著进展。然而，视力损害仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题，存在显著的地理差异，且年龄较大、女性和文盲是危险因素。
