Al Gamra Hamad, Al Mansouri Fatima, Khandekar Rajiv, Elshafei Maha, Al Qahtani Omar, Singh Rajvir, Hashim Shakeel P, Mujahed Amjad, Makled Alaa, Pai Anant
Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Oct;17(5):292-300. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2010.508350.
Rapid Assessment for the Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) was conducted in Qatar during 2009. We present the prevalence and determinants of visual disabilities and status of cataract among citizens aged 50 years and older.
Residents of randomly selected houses and clusters participated in the survey. Opticians noted the presenting and the best corrected vision of participants from 49 clusters. Ophthalmologists examined participants with additional instruments like bio-microscope, digital camera, auto-perimeter and auto-refractor in a mobile van. World Health Organization recommended principal cause of blindness (Visual acuity [VA] < 3/60 in better eye), Severe visual impairment (SVI) (<6/60), low vision (VA < 6/18) and unilateral blindness (VA < 3/60) were designated. Persons with VA < 6/18 and cataract were interviewed to calculate coverage and barriers for cataract surgeries. Age sex adjusted prevalence of visual disabilities and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were estimated.
We examined 2,433 (97.3%) participants. The age sex adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness was 1.28% [95% CI 1.22-1.35], SVI (1.67%), low vision (3.66%) and unilateral blindness (3.61%) in 50 years and older population. Female and older age groups were significant risk factors of visual disabilities. Cataract and glaucoma were the main causes of visual disabilities. The coverage of cataract services was 68.2%. Believing that cataract as an aging process (25) and adequate vision in the fellow eye (15) were the reasons for delay in surgery.
To reduce avoidable blindness, un-operated cataract should be addressed. Primary and secondary eye care systems should be strengthened to improve the care of blinding eye diseases in Qatar.
2009年在卡塔尔开展了可避免失明快速评估（RAAB）。我们呈现了50岁及以上公民中视力残疾的患病率、决定因素以及白内障状况。
随机选取房屋和群组的居民参与调查。验光师记录了来自49个群组参与者的初诊视力和最佳矫正视力。眼科医生在一辆移动货车中使用生物显微镜、数码相机、自动视野计和自动验光仪等额外仪器对参与者进行检查。指定了世界卫生组织推荐的失明主要原因（较好眼视力[VA]<3/60）、严重视力损害（SVI）（<6/60）、低视力（VA<6/18）和单眼失明（VA<3/60）。对VA<6/18且患有白内障的人进行访谈，以计算白内障手术的覆盖率和障碍。估计了年龄和性别调整后的视力残疾患病率及其95%置信区间（CI）。
我们检查了2433名参与者（97.3%）。在50岁及以上人群中，年龄和性别调整后的双眼失明患病率为1.28%[95%CI 1.22 - 1.35]，SVI为1.67%，低视力为3.66%，单眼失明为3.61%。女性和老年人群是视力残疾的重要危险因素。白内障和青光眼是视力残疾的主要原因。白内障服务的覆盖率为68.2%。认为白内障是衰老过程（25%）以及对侧眼有足够视力（15%）是手术延迟的原因。
为减少可避免的失明，应解决未手术的白内障问题。应加强初级和二级眼保健系统，以改善卡塔尔致盲眼病的护理。
