Notari Edward P, Zou Shimian, Fang Chyang T, Eder Anne F, Benjamin Richard J, Dodd Roger Y
Transmissible Diseases Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
Transfusion. 2009 Oct;49(10):2229-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02288.x. Epub 2009 Jul 6.
Committed repeat donors are vital to the continued success of blood collections, yet the effect of age of first-time (FT) donation on return behavior is poorly described. Sixteen-year-old donors are increasingly allowed to donate and have the highest rates of adverse events, which negatively impacts return behavior.
Annual cohorts of allogeneic FT donors from 2005 and 2006 were selected within the American Red Cross system and followed for 25 and 13 months, respectively. Return and total yield rates among different age groups were compared.
A total of 2.3 million FT donors from 2005 and 2006 gave 4.2 million donations during the study. Sixteen- to 19-year old FT donors made up 41% of the FT donor base in 2005 and 16-, 17-, 18-, and 19-year-olds, respectively, had initial return rates of 62, 52, 35, and 28% and yield rates of 2.0, 1.76, 1.51, and 1.41 over 13 months. Multivariate analysis of FT yield rates shows that younger (16 and 17 years) and older (50+ years) donors, males, blood group O donors, and those without any initial adverse reaction are most likely to return. Increasing severity of donor adverse reactions correlated with a reduction in yield and return rates.
FT 16-year-old donors had the highest return and yield rates despite the negative impact of increased adverse event rates. Donation at young age is critical to building a cadre of committed repeat donors but donor reactions must be addressed to ensure the donors' well-being and to sustain return behavior.
忠实的重复献血者对于持续成功开展血液采集至关重要，但首次献血年龄对再次献血行为的影响却鲜有描述。16岁的献血者越来越多地被允许献血，且不良事件发生率最高，这对再次献血行为产生了负面影响。
在美国红十字会系统内选取2005年和2006年的年度异体首次献血者队列，分别随访25个月和13个月。比较不同年龄组的再次献血率和总献血率。
在研究期间，2005年和2006年共有230万首次献血者进行了420万次献血。16至19岁的首次献血者在2005年的首次献血者基数中占41%，其中16岁、17岁、18岁和19岁的献血者初始再次献血率分别为62%、52%、35%和28%，13个月内的献血率分别为2.0、1.76、1.51和1.41。对首次献血率的多变量分析表明，年龄较小（16岁和17岁）和较大（50岁以上）的献血者、男性、O型血献血者以及那些没有任何初始不良反应的献血者最有可能再次献血。献血者不良反应的严重程度增加与献血率和再次献血率的降低相关。
尽管不良事件发生率增加有负面影响，但16岁的首次献血者再次献血率和献血率最高。年轻时献血对于建立一批忠实的重复献血者队伍至关重要，但必须解决献血者的反应问题，以确保献血者的健康并维持再次献血行为。
