Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #948, 2801 Bancroft St., Toledo, OH, 43606-3390, USA.
J Behav Med. 2017 Dec;40(6):998-1010. doi: 10.1007/s10865-017-9862-y. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Two studies explored how self-based cues (i.e., self-efficacy), socially-based cues (i.e., perceived social norms), and prior blood donation experience differentially influence behavioral intentions. In Study 1, undergraduate students (N = 766) completed an online study that evaluated prior experiences, self-efficacy, perceived norms, and behavioral intentions in the context of blood donation. In Study 2, a community sample (N = 199) from a clinic waiting room completed similar measures. Across both studies, having high self-efficacy was a necessary and sufficient antecedent to high intentions, regardless of norm perception for donors. For non-donors, however, high self-efficacy was necessary but not sufficient; non-donors' intentions were higher when giving blood was perceived to be normative, but far lower when it was not. When self-efficacy was low, the effects of experience and norms did not exert meaningful effects and donation intentions were quite low. These results demonstrate that the impact of self-based and socially-based cues on behavioral intentions may differ as a function of experience. The findings can inform public health initiatives and enhance the accuracy of theoretical models by directly examining experience as a moderator.
两项研究探讨了自我提示（即自我效能感）、社会提示（即感知的社会规范）和先前的献血经验如何不同地影响行为意向。在研究 1 中，本科学生（N=766）完成了一项在线研究，该研究评估了献血背景下的先前经验、自我效能感、感知规范和行为意向。在研究 2 中，一个诊所候诊室的社区样本（N=199）完成了类似的测量。在这两项研究中，无论供者的规范感知如何，高自我效能感都是高意向的必要且充分的前提。然而，对于非供者来说，高自我效能感是必要但不充分的；当献血被认为是规范的时，非供者的意向更高，但当不是时，意向则低得多。当自我效能感较低时，经验和规范的影响没有产生有意义的效果，献血意向相当低。这些结果表明，自我提示和社会提示对行为意向的影响可能因经验而异。这些发现可以通过直接检查经验作为调节因素，为公共卫生计划提供信息并提高理论模型的准确性。
