献血者和非献血者的个体、环境和网络特征：近期文献的系统评价。
Individual, contextual and network characteristics of blood donors and non-donors: a systematic review of recent literature.
机构信息
Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands.
Centre for Philanthropic Studies, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Blood Transfus. 2017 Sep;15(5):382-397. doi: 10.2450/2017.0064-17. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
BACKGROUND
The ageing population and recent migration flows may negatively affect the blood supply in the long term, increasing the importance of targeted recruitment and retention strategies to address donors. This review sought to identify individual, network and contextual characteristics related to blood donor status and behaviour, to systematically discuss differences between study results, and to identify possible factors to target in recruitment and retention efforts.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with a predefined PROSPERO protocol (CRD42016039591). After quality assessments by multiple independent raters, a final set of 66 peer-reviewed papers, published between October 2009 and January 2017, were included for review.
RESULTS
Individual and contextual characteristics of blood donor status and behaviour were categorised into five main lines of research: donor demographics, motivations and barriers, adverse reactions and deferral, contextual factors, and blood centre factors. Results on donor demographics, motivations and barriers, and contextual factors were inconclusive, differing between studies, countries, and sample characteristics. Adverse reactions and deferral were negatively related to blood donor behaviour. Blood centre factors play an important role in donor management, e.g., providing information, reminders, and (non-)monetary rewards. No studies were found on network characteristics of (non-)donors.
DISCUSSION
Although individual and contextual characteristics strongly relate to blood donor status and behaviour, mechanisms underlying these relations have not been studied sufficiently. We want to stress the importance of longitudinal studies in donor behaviour, exploring the role of life events and network characteristics within blood donor careers. Increased understanding of donor behaviour will assist policy makers of blood collection agencies, with the ultimate goal of safeguarding a sufficient and matching blood supply.
背景
人口老龄化和近期的移民潮可能会对长期的血液供应产生负面影响，这使得有针对性的招募和保留策略对于应对献血者变得更加重要。本综述旨在确定与献血者状况和行为相关的个体、网络和背景特征，系统地讨论研究结果之间的差异，并确定在招募和保留工作中可能的目标因素。
方法
系统综述按照预先设定的 PROSPERO 方案（CRD42016039591）进行。经过多位独立评审员的质量评估，最终纳入了 66 篇同行评审的论文，这些论文发表于 2009 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月之间。
结果
献血者状况和行为的个体和背景特征被分为五个主要研究方向：献血者人口统计学特征、动机和障碍、不良反应和延期、背景因素以及血站因素。关于献血者人口统计学特征、动机和障碍以及背景因素的结果不一致，研究结果因国家、样本特征和研究地点而异。不良反应和延期与献血者行为呈负相关。血站因素在献血者管理中起着重要作用，例如提供信息、提醒和（非）金钱奖励。没有关于（非）献血者网络特征的研究。
讨论
尽管个体和背景特征与献血者的状况和行为密切相关，但这些关系的机制尚未得到充分研究。我们想强调在献血者行为方面进行纵向研究的重要性，探索生活事件和网络特征在献血者职业生涯中的作用。增加对献血者行为的理解将有助于血液采集机构的政策制定者，最终目标是确保充足且匹配的血液供应。
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