Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Subst Abus. 2009 Oct-Dec;30(4):328-37. doi: 10.1080/08897070903252080.
Theory suggests that mindful individuals exhibit enhanced attentional processing (e.g., attentional control) and that they maintain a detached perspective to problematic stimuli. For smokers, smoking and affective stimuli are problematic stimuli when they try to quit. In this cross-sectional study, smokers (n = 158) completed 3 modified Stroop tasks (to assess attentional control), 3 Implicit Association Tests (IATs; to assess detached perspective), and a battery of self-report assessments. Degree of mindfulness was negatively associated (P < .05) with self-reported negative affect, perceived stress, and depressive symptom severity, and positively associated (P < .05) with positive affect. Degree of mindfulness was not associated with the ability to disengage attention from smoking or affective stimuli. On the depression IAT, more mindful participants exhibited a more negative IAT effect, suggesting that they may have developed a detached perspective to depression-related stimuli. Theoretical and clinical implications of the data are discussed.
理论表明，正念个体表现出增强的注意力处理能力（例如，注意力控制），并且他们对有问题的刺激保持超然的视角。对于吸烟者来说，当他们试图戒烟时，吸烟和情感刺激是有问题的刺激。在这项横断面研究中，吸烟者（n=158）完成了 3 项修改后的 Stroop 任务（评估注意力控制）、3 项内隐联想测验（IAT；评估超然视角）和一系列自我报告评估。正念程度与自我报告的负面情绪、感知压力和抑郁症状严重程度呈负相关（P<0.05），与积极情绪呈正相关（P<0.05）。正念程度与从吸烟或情感刺激中转移注意力的能力无关。在抑郁 IAT 上，更具正念的参与者表现出更消极的 IAT 效应，这表明他们可能对与抑郁相关的刺激形成了超然的视角。讨论了数据的理论和临床意义。
