School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2010 Jan-Feb;105(1-2):20-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.001. Epub 2009 Nov 11.
The reported experiments aimed to investigate whether a person and his or her gaze direction presented in the context of a naturalistic scene cause perception, memory, and attention to be biased in typically developing adolescents and high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A novel computerized image manipulation program presented a series of photographic scenes, each containing a person. The program enabled participants to laterally maneuver the scenes behind a static window, the borders of which partially occluded the scenes. The gaze direction of the person in the scenes spontaneously cued attention of both groups in the direction of gaze, affecting judgments of preference (Experiment 1a) and causing memory biases (Experiment 1b). Experiment 2 showed that the gaze direction of a person cues visual search accurately to the exact location of gaze in both groups. These findings suggest that biases in preference, memory, and attention are caused by another person's gaze direction when viewed in a complex scene in adolescents with and without ASD.
报告的实验旨在研究当一个人和他或她的注视方向出现在自然场景中时，是否会导致典型发展的青少年和高功能自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）青少年对感知、记忆和注意力产生偏见。一个新颖的计算机化图像操作程序呈现了一系列包含人物的照片场景。该程序使参与者能够在静态窗口后面横向操纵场景，该窗口的边界部分遮挡了场景。场景中人物的注视方向本能地引起了两组参与者的注视方向的注意，影响了偏好判断（实验 1a）并导致了记忆偏差（实验 1b）。实验 2 表明，在两组参与者中，当在复杂场景中观察时，一个人的注视方向可以准确地提示视觉搜索到注视的确切位置。这些发现表明，当在 ASD 青少年和非 ASD 青少年中观察复杂场景中的其他人的注视方向时，会导致偏好、记忆和注意力产生偏见。
