Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;91(1):154-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28250. Epub 2009 Nov 11.
The replacement of refined grains in the diet with whole grains may help prevent chronic disease and excess weight gain, but intakes in adolescents are often lower than recommended.
This study aimed to examine demographic disparities and 5-y longitudinal and secular trends (1999-2004) in whole-grain intake among 2 cohorts of Minnesota adolescents.
Whole-grain intake was examined among 996 adolescent males and 1222 adolescent females who were Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) participants in 1999 and 2004. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine demographic differences in whole-grain intake. Mixed linear regression models were used to estimate 1) longitudinal trends among 2 cohorts of adolescents during developmental transitions and 2) age-matched secular trends between the cohorts at middle adolescence.
In 1999, 11% of adolescent males and 13% of adolescent females reported that they consumed more than one daily serving of whole grains. Whole-grain intake was lowest among youth of the Native American and white races and among youth of high socioeconomic status. During the transition from middle to late adolescence, whole-grain intake increased by a mean of 0.14 daily servings among adolescent males and 0.09 daily servings among adolescent females. No significant changes in whole-grain intake were shown among either sex during the transition from early to middle adolescence. Yeast breads, popcorn, and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals were major sources of whole grains in 1999 and 2004.
Findings suggest the need to advance efforts that target improvements in the amount of whole-grain foods selected by adolescents.
用全谷物替代精制谷物可能有助于预防慢性病和体重过度增加，但青少年的摄入量往往低于推荐量。
本研究旨在检验明尼苏达州 2 个青少年队列中，全谷物摄入量的人口统计学差异以及 5 年的纵向和长期趋势（1999-2004 年）。
1999 年和 2004 年，项目 EAT（青少年饮食）的 996 名男性青少年和 1222 名女性青少年参与者中，对全谷物摄入量进行了调查。采用多项逻辑回归模型检验全谷物摄入量的人口统计学差异。采用混合线性回归模型估计 1）2 个青少年队列在发展过渡期间的纵向趋势，2）队列在青少年中期的年龄匹配的长期趋势。
1999 年，11%的男性青少年和 13%的女性青少年报告他们每天食用超过一份的全谷物。全谷物摄入量最低的是美洲原住民和白种人青少年，以及社会经济地位较高的青少年。从中年到青少年后期的过渡期间，男性青少年的全谷物摄入量平均增加了 0.14 份/天，女性青少年增加了 0.09 份/天。在从青少年早期到中期的过渡期间，无论性别如何，全谷物摄入量均无明显变化。酵母面包、爆米花和即食早餐麦片是 1999 年和 2004 年全谷物的主要来源。
研究结果表明，有必要努力提高青少年选择的全谷物食品的数量。
