Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Distrito Federal 04510, Mexico.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Feb;85(5):1241-9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2331-y. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
Insoluble polysaccharides can be degraded by a set of hydrolytic enzymes formed by catalytic modules appended to one or more non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). The most recognized function of these auxiliary domains is to bind polysaccharides, bringing the biocatalyst into close and prolonged vicinity with its substrate, allowing carbohydrate hydrolysis. Examples of insoluble polysaccharides recognized by these enzymes include cellulose, chitin, beta-glucans, starch, glycogen, inulin, pullulan, and xylan. Based on their amino acid similarity, CBMs are grouped into 55 families that show notable variation in substrate specificity; as a result, their biological functions are miscellaneous. Carbohydrate or polysaccharide recognition by CBMs is an important event for processes related to metabolism, pathogen defense, polysaccharide biosynthesis, virulence, plant development, etc. Understanding of the CBMs properties and mechanisms in ligand binding is of vital significance for the development of new carbohydrate-recognition technologies and provide the basis for fine manipulation of the carbohydrate-CBM interactions.
不溶性多糖可被一系列由催化模块与一个或多个非催化碳水化合物结合模块（CBM）组成的水解酶降解。这些辅助结构域最被认可的功能是结合多糖，使生物催化剂与其底物紧密且长时间地接近，从而允许碳水化合物水解。这些酶识别的不溶性多糖的例子包括纤维素、几丁质、β-葡聚糖、淀粉、糖原、菊粉、普鲁兰和木聚糖。根据它们的氨基酸相似性，CBM 被分为 55 个家族，它们在底物特异性上表现出明显的差异；因此，它们的生物学功能是多种多样的。CBM 对碳水化合物或多糖的识别是与代谢、病原体防御、多糖生物合成、毒力、植物发育等相关过程中的重要事件。了解 CBM 在配体结合中的特性和机制对于开发新的碳水化合物识别技术以及为精细操作碳水化合物-CBM 相互作用提供了基础，具有至关重要的意义。
