Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 15;49(4):3463-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
Despite its critical role in performance-monitoring, the development of posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pMFC) in goal-directed behaviors remains poorly understood. Performance monitoring depends on distinct, but related functions that may differentially activate the pMFC, such as monitoring response conflict and detecting errors. Developmental differences in conflict- and error-related activations, coupled with age-related changes in behavioral performance, may confound attempts to map the maturation of pMFC functions. To characterize the development of pMFC-based performance monitoring functions, we segregated interference and error-processing, while statistically controlling for performance.
Twenty-one adults and 23 youth performed an event-related version of the Multi-Source Interference Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Linear modeling of interference and error contrast estimates derived from the pMFC were regressed on age, while covarying for performance.
Interference- and error-processing were associated with robust activation of the pMFC in both youth and adults. Among youth, interference- and error-related activation of the pMFC increased with age, independent of performance. Greater accuracy associated with greater pMFC activity during error commission in both groups.
Increasing pMFC response to interference and errors occurs with age, likely contributing to the improvement of performance monitoring capacity during development.
尽管在后内侧前额叶皮层（pMFC）在目标导向行为中的表现监测中起着关键作用，但它的发展仍然知之甚少。表现监测依赖于不同但相关的功能，这些功能可能会以不同的方式激活 pMFC，例如监测反应冲突和检测错误。冲突和错误相关激活的发展差异，加上行为表现的年龄相关变化，可能会混淆映射 pMFC 功能成熟度的尝试。为了描述基于 pMFC 的表现监测功能的发展，我们在统计上控制表现的同时，分离干扰和错误处理。
21 名成年人和 23 名青少年在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）期间执行了多源干扰任务的事件相关版本。从 pMFC 得出的干扰和错误对比估计的线性建模与年龄相关，同时协方差为表现。
干扰和错误处理与 pMFC 的强烈激活有关，无论是在青少年还是成年人中。在青少年中，pMFC 的干扰和错误相关激活随着年龄的增长而增加，与表现无关。两组在错误发生时，更大的准确性与 pMFC 活动的增加相关。
随着年龄的增长，对干扰和错误的 pMFC 反应增加，这可能有助于在发展过程中提高表现监测能力。
