Sydney South West Area Health Service.
J Psychosom Res. 2009 Dec;67(6):525-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.003.
Tourette syndrome (TS) affects people of all ages, with onset in early childhood and continuing through the different stages of the life cycle into adolescence and adults. This review focuses on barriers to diagnosis and challenges in the management of young patients with TS. Barriers to identification occur at multiple levels, including detection in the community setting (including schools), parents' help-seeking behavior, and cultural influences on such behavior, as well as diagnosis by the medical provider. Challenges to management include unfamiliarity of primary care providers, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and management plan, and failure to recognize comorbid conditions, as well as inadequate knowledge and lack of resources to effectively deal with comorbidities. In addition to the complexities posed by pharmacological interactions, there are unique psychosocial challenges experienced by young people with TS and their families. Effective communication and collaboration between families, health care providers, and school personnel, as well as supportive communities, are essential components of comprehensive management.
妥瑞氏症（TS）影响所有年龄段的人，其发病于儿童早期，并持续贯穿生命周期的不同阶段，包括青少年和成年人阶段。本综述重点关注诊断障碍和年轻妥瑞氏症患者管理方面的挑战。障碍发生在多个层面，包括社区环境（包括学校）中的检测、父母的寻求帮助行为，以及这种行为的文化影响，以及医疗服务提供者的诊断。管理方面的挑战包括初级保健提供者的不熟悉、诊断和管理计划的不一致，以及未能识别合并症，以及缺乏有效应对合并症的知识和资源。除了药物相互作用带来的复杂性之外，患有妥瑞氏症的年轻人及其家人还面临着独特的心理社会挑战。家庭、医疗保健提供者和学校人员之间的有效沟通和协作，以及支持性社区，是全面管理的重要组成部分。
