Institute for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
J Psychosom Res. 2009 Dec;67(6):559-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.005. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of chronic motor and vocal tics that begins in childhood.
A systematic Medline search was conducted to identify existing anatomical imaging studies in persons with TS.
Thirty studies were identified, and their methods and findings were reviewed. Findings of reduced caudate volumes across the life span and thinning of sensorimotor cortices that is proportional with tic severity in children with TS implicate these regions in the genesis of tics. Hypertrophy of limbic and prefrontal cortices and a smaller corpus callosum accompany fewer symptoms in children with TS, likely representing an activity-dependent plasticity within these regions that help to modulate tic severity.
Although existing studies differ with respect to sample size, gender composition, quality of clinical characterization, pulse sequences, and methods of image analysis, the preponderance of evidence suggests that disturbances in the development of the motor portions of cortical-subcortical circuits likely predispose to the development TS and that neuroplastic changes in control systems of the brain help to modulate the severity of symptom expression. These findings from cross-sectional studies require confirmation in more representative populations within longitudinal studies.
妥瑞氏症（TS）是一种始于儿童期的慢性运动和发声抽动障碍。
我们进行了系统的 Medline 搜索，以确定现有的 TS 患者的解剖影像学研究。
确定了 30 项研究，并对其方法和发现进行了回顾。研究发现，TS 患者的尾状核体积在整个生命周期内减少，感觉运动皮层变薄，与抽动严重程度成正比，这表明这些区域与抽动的发生有关。边缘和前额皮质的肥大以及胼胝体较小与 TS 患者的症状较少有关，这可能代表这些区域内有助于调节抽动严重程度的活动依赖性可塑性。
尽管现有研究在样本量、性别构成、临床特征质量、脉冲序列和图像分析方法方面存在差异，但大多数证据表明，皮质-皮质下回路运动部分的发育障碍可能易导致 TS 的发生，大脑控制系统的神经可塑性变化有助于调节症状表达的严重程度。这些来自横断面研究的发现需要在纵向研究中在更具代表性的人群中得到证实。
