Department of Psychology, LEAD-CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2010 Jan-Feb;105(1-2):116-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
Few studies have explored the development of response selection processes in children in the case of object manipulation. In the current research, we studied the end-state comfort effect, the tendency to ensure a comfortable position at the end rather than at the beginning of simple object manipulation tasks. We used two versions of the unimanual bar transport task. In Experiment 1, only 10-year-olds reached the same level of sensitivity to end-state comfort as adults, and 8-year-olds were less efficient than 6-year-olds. In each age group, children's sensitivity did not increase during a session: i.e., either clearly showed the sensitivity or showed no sensitivity at all. Experiment 2 replicated these results when the bar was replaced by a pencil and when the task did not require much precision. However, when the task required more precision, 8-year-olds increased their level of sensitivity to the end-state comfort effect, whereas this was not the case for younger children. These results describe the development of advanced planning processes from 4 to 10 years of age as well as the positive effect of task constraints on the end-state comfort effect for 8-year-olds.
关于物体操纵，很少有研究探索儿童在反应选择过程方面的发展。在当前的研究中，我们研究了末端舒适效应，即在简单的物体操纵任务中，人们更倾向于确保末端位置的舒适，而不是初始位置的舒适。我们使用了两种单手棒传输任务版本。在实验 1 中，只有 10 岁的儿童达到了与成年人相同的末端舒适敏感性水平，而 8 岁的儿童比 6 岁的儿童效率更低。在每个年龄组中，儿童的敏感性在一次会话中都没有增加：即，要么明显表现出敏感性，要么根本没有敏感性。当棒被铅笔取代，且任务不需要很高的精度时，实验 2 复制了这些结果。然而，当任务需要更高的精度时，8 岁的儿童提高了对末端舒适效应的敏感性，而年龄较小的儿童则没有。这些结果描述了从 4 岁到 10 岁的高级计划过程的发展，以及任务约束对 8 岁儿童末端舒适效应的积极影响。
