Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Molecules. 2009 Nov 11;14(11):4597-613. doi: 10.3390/molecules14114597.
The volatile constituents of the flowers of Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br (Apocynaceae) from Lampedusa Island were analyzed by a headspace GC method. The analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 41 compounds. The main components were, among the monoterpenoids, terpinolene (23.3%), alpha-terpinene (19.1%) and linalool (18.4%), whereas, among the carbonylic compounds the major constituents were heptanal (2.0%), octanoic acid (2.4%) and hexanoic acid (1.7%). The presence of a nitrogen containing compound, indole (0.8%) and of a sulphur containing compound, dimethylsulphide (t), noteworthy. The compounds found in the flowers of C. europaea have been compared with data available in the literature as regard to their odor, presence in other sapromyiophilous taxa, possible role as semiochemicals, and presence in decaying organic matter. 89.3% of total constituents have been described in other sapromyiophilous taxa. Some of the compounds are present in several types of decaying organic matter (excrements, decomposing bodies, and spoiled fish, etc). Several volatiles found in C. europaea flowers are used as semiochemicals by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other insects. Sixteen volatiles, accounting for 32.4% of the total constituents, are described as attractants of some Diptera families, with a biology linked to decaying organic matter. Our data thus confirm that C. europaea floral bouquet falls within the sapromyiophilous pollination syndrome.
拉帕多萨岛（Lampedusa Island）产的欧洲肉苁蓉（Caralluma europaea）花的挥发性成分采用顶空 GC 法进行了分析。分析鉴定和量化了 41 种化合物。主要的单萜类化合物是松油醇（terpinolene）（23.3%）、α-松油烯（alpha-terpinene）（19.1%）和芳樟醇（linalool）（18.4%），而羰基化合物的主要成分是庚醛（heptanal）（2.0%）、辛酸（octanoic acid）（2.4%）和己酸（hexanoic acid）（1.7%）。花中还存在吲哚（indole）（0.8%）和二甲基硫（dimethylsulphide）（t）这两种含氮和含硫化合物，值得注意。对 C. europaea 花中发现的化合物，就其气味、在其他腐生嗜食性类群中的存在情况、作为半化学物质的可能作用以及在腐烂有机物质中的存在情况，与文献中的数据进行了比较。总成分中有 89.3%在其他腐生嗜食性类群中有所描述。一些化合物存在于几种类型的腐烂有机物质（粪便、分解的尸体和变质的鱼等）中。在 C. europaea 花中发现的几种挥发性物质被膜翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目和其他昆虫用作半化学物质。16 种挥发性物质占总成分的 32.4%，被描述为一些双翅目科的引诱剂，其生物学与腐烂有机物质有关。因此，我们的数据证实，C. europaea 的花束属于腐生嗜食性授粉综合征。
